Randstad as a Professional Employment Agency Essay

Randstad as a Professional Employment Agency - Essay Example The researcher states that Randstad is the second biggest staffing organization in the world. Randstad plays a fundamental role in developing the workplace and leveraging the maximum value of human capital to benefit clients, candidates, investors, and employees. The main problem of Randstad is handling its multigenerational workforce, so that retention rates can be boosted. Its minor problems are intergenerational conflicts due to differences in work and personal values and developing performance management strategies that fit different generations. The primary issues of the firm are employee retention strategies for different generations and concerns in maximizing the benefits of its coaching approach to team building and retention. These issues can be approached through considering the factors of enhancing work climate and job fulfillment to increase employee retention rates. HR should examine individual and generational needs through interviews and surveys. The major problem of t he company is enhancing its retention rate. Its minor problems are intergenerational conflicts due to differences in work and personal values and developing performance management strategies that fit different generations. The first alternative is to focus on enhancing the work climate. Work climate can enhance recruitment and retention success of workers. The work climate can affect provider outcomes, such as job satisfaction and turnover rates. Positive views of the psychological work climate can enhance job satisfaction, organizational commitment, motivation, and productivity. Particular actions that can enhance the work climate include training employees to develop their coaching and intergenerational communication and culture skills. This way, employees are trained to handle generation-based differences in attitudes and work/communication practices.

Symbolic Interactionism Essay Example for Free

Symbolic Interactionism Essay Living in the modern feverish world with its unprecedented level of change which is generating new developments in social, political, cultural, technological, and other spheres of our life, one may easily become engulfed by the dynamics of our social environment but remain ignorant of the actual mechanisms and hidden driving forces behind social processes. In their turn, various branches of social science have never abandoned attempts to establish and elaborate proper accounts that would explain how societies function, and what laws govern them. This ambitious task is on one hand made more difficult by the mentioned ever accelerating dynamics of our modern social environment, as the rapid pace of changes produces new phenomena that social theories must accommodate or be amended. On the other hand, the modern dynamic world serves as a kind of a laboratory that can test the validity of some fundamental and influential theoretical perspectives. One such major school of sociology is symbolic interactionism, the theoretical perspective which suggests that attention to the subjective aspects of social relationships is necessary to understand that people are pragmatic players who have to correlate their actions with behaviour of other people, and that such adjustment is done through assignation to our actions, actions of other people, and even to ourselves of symbolic meaning that influences not only our behaviour and attitudes but existing social structures as well (Gingrich, 2000). However, despite the firm place that this perspective holds in the field of social sciences, it has been suggested that explanations that symbolic interactionism gives for the influence of social structures on behaviour and attitudes are unconvincing. In this regard, let us take a closer look at the basic postulates of symbolic interactionism, and try to find out whether it indeed is incapable of proving itself out. For this purpose we should establish in what ways social structures can influence our behaviour and attitudes from the point of view of symbolic interactionism, and then critically examine whether symbolic interactionist’s explanations are always adequate. Symbolic interactionism has a long history of development that can be traced to the German sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920), and to the American scholar George H. Mead (1863-1931). Both of them accentuated the importance of pragmatism as the factor that influences social processes, and of subjective meanings ascribed to social processes and human behaviour. In 1902 Charles Cooley (1864-1929) detailed the way people tend to perceive themselves, and introduced the concept of the looking glass self under which people construct self-images as if through eyes of others. In 1934 George H. Mead in frames of his investigation of deviance proposed a theory that was focused on processes of differentiation of the conventional and denounced behaviour. One of the important conclusions of Mead was that our self-perception is always placed in the larger social context, and that the self has to be treated as the product of processing of social interactions and symbols by an individual mind (Denzin, 1992, pp.2-21). In fact, the further studies of deviance greatly contributed to the development of symbolic interactionism. For example, another influential social theorist Howard Becker (born 1928) also elaborated the view of deviance as of not merely some type of behaviour, but as of a product of social interaction. Becker criticised theories of deviance that conformed to the commonly accepted values, and pointed out that it was not that crucial to examine concrete individual deviant actions because deviance is only a behaviour that breaks rules and leads to the attachment of labels by opinions of the majority (Becker, 1997). Finally, the very term symbolic interactionism was introduced by Herbert Blumer (1900-1987), who also formulated one of leading versions of this perspective (Gingrich, 2000). In general terms, symbolic interactionists are devoted to microsociology and mostly explore interpersonal everyday interaction. The symbolic interactionist perspective is concerned with the task to understand how people behave individually, and how they influence one another in the social environment. Naturally, for this perspective macro elements of society like government and the economy are not interesting. For interactionists, their attention to the interaction of individuals and groups is the tool to obtain new useful perspectives, to confirm or disprove expectations, and to define the boundaries of that pertaining to an individual and to a group. Simply put, this sociological perspective, in contrast to macro perspectives, analyses societies from bottom up, as for it society emerges out of interaction between individuals and small groups, which makes society inherently dynamic and constantly changing. Thus, for the interactionist perspective it is constant change, instead of fixed patterns, that defines the true nature of society, and these are acting people who constitute the true social basis. All other formations present in societies are simply human creations that emerge out of the mentioned interaction. What adds dynamics to this perspective is the ensuing conclusion that society is actually permanently being re-created, which makes symbolic interactionist perspective indeterministic. In many cases interaction that is interesting for symbolic interactionists is occurring in the so-called reference groups – various professional organisations, like for example doctors or teachers, groups based on friendship, groups united by education, groups formed within communities we live in, etc. While some groups are more cohesive, and others do not last long, dynamics and change that emerge when people communicate is what is common between them. When taken together, such reference groups represent society. In this connection, a branch of symbolic interactionism termed ethnomethodology raises a relevant question of how it is possible that interaction between people, who do not always have a complete understanding of each other and who have different world views, can produce what is seen as a social order. Harold Garfinkel highlighted problems that ethnomethodology deals with by conducting series of the so-called breaching experiments, when students, among other things, were for instance trying to essentially prevent the possibility of maintenance of common conversations as they refused to accept as fact that they could be sure that they understood what their conversational partners were saying (Garfinkel, 1985, pp.35-75). This demonstrates that what is normally viewed as a routine social procedure of communication is based on sets of social instructions that govern our behaviour, and that violation of such rules may break social order and prevent meaningful interaction between people. Considering the interest of symbolic interactionists in immediate communication, in their investigations they favour the methodology of participant observation instead of traditional sociological surveys. They believe that to properly comprehend actions of people and of social situations it is necessary to get immersed as much as possible in lives of subjects of studies. On ground of what we have observed, it is not surprising then that the notion of symbolic interaction holds a very important place within the field of social sciences because it draws our attention to the fact that the interaction between people and groups takes place via symbols and symbolic representations of social reality. In fact, what forms the basis of symbolic interactionism is the concept of symbol. In this case symbol can be defined as something that can properly represent some other element of reality. In this way, symbolic interactionist perspective introduces into the social life a set of widely spread conventional traditions and customs, and thus deals not only with the immediate interaction between people and groups, but at the same time studies common meanings that people instill in society as they interact. Therefore, one of the key features of symbolic interactionism is its interpretation of social structures, which in the general sense can be defined as social formations and groups that stand in a certain relation to each other, as growing out of the symbolic perception of reality by human beings. The importance of this quality of human interaction is hard to overestimate, as symbolic part of social life often substitutes reality, as exemplified by an observation of W. I. Thomas that if people define situations as real, then consequences of those situations are real (Denzin, 1992, pp.16,18). And as Erving Goffman (1922-1982) put it, there can be no ultimate truth but only its interpretations. Goffman also viewed humans as actors, thus turning the adoption of social roles into a principal means of symbolic interaction between people that enables us to share alternative perspectives and understand how our actions might be construed by other actors in our field of communication. This justifies Goffman`s view of society as an inhomogeneous theatre-like formation in which we have to behave differently in different situations, so that there is no one grand context that society is placed in, but a lot of specific contexts (Goffman, 2004, pp.238-252). Now, I believe that our above considerations should somewhat change our perception of possible accusations of symbolic interactionism in its inability to provide a convincing explanation of the influence of social structures on behaviour and attitudes. Indeed, as long as we agree that it is the propensity of human beings to attachment of widely accepted symbolic meanings not only to material object but as well to patterns of social behaviour that underlies social structures which are being constantly recreated from bottom up, then symbolic interactionism is clearly a perspective that seems to confirm on the micro level the existence of inseparable link between social structures and behaviour of people. In fact, it places actions of human agents prior to formation of social structures, and is mostly focused on the influence of the immediate interaction between people on larger social formations that emerge from it. Thus, this perspective tips the scale of macro-micro opposition in soc ial sciences towards the micro sociological methodologies. However, if we agree with Goffman`s comparison of society with a theatre, we should also not forget that as there is something behind the scene there equally is a larger context behind symbolic interaction between people. So, symbolic interactionism may be rightfully accused in overemphasising subjective factor, which deprives this perspective of the traditional methodological strictness of social sciences. Moreover, the ascription of pragmatic, and hence rational, qualities to human actors by symbolic interactionism cannot fully interpret new developments that open possibilities for conflicts. For instance, culture shocks that happen in the modern globalised world demonstrate that there are incompatible elements of social and cultural structures symbolically transmitted by each participant of intercultural communication that interfere into the face-to-face communication between people and shape its patterns, but which can be rationally modified by communicating pragmatic agents only to a limited degree. This observation may be construed as demanding the return of social studies to macrosociological theories as in this case the problem is not only to explain how social structures are re-created in symbolic interaction, but what types of symbols and social and cultural structures that correspond to them interacting agents should make sense of in the first place to be able to interact effectively at all (Ward, 2001, pp.61-63), which commands the reversal of the direction of symbolic interactionism`s research from bottom up. Still, I suppose that even though the doubts about the persuasiveness of symbolic interactionism`s explanation cannot be completely disproved, this perspective is very effective within its realm of microsociological studies, so all the difficulties that symbolic interactionism experiences may be attributed to the difficulties in bridging the conceptual gap between micro and macro views of society. Finally, coming back to the mentioned dynamics of social environment that has become the hallmark of modernity, the attention that symbolic interactionism pays to change as an inevitable and natural consequence of interaction between agents within societies, in any case makes this perspective especially urgent for our better understanding of the complex social world we live in. Sources Becker, H., S., (1997), Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, Free Press Blumer, H., (1986). Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method, University of California Press Denzin, N., K., (1992), Symbolic Interactionism and Cultural Studies: The Politics of Interpretation, Blackwell Publishers Garfinkel, H., (1985), Studies in Ethnomethodology, Polity Press Gingrich, P., (2000), â€Å"Symbolic Interactionism†, University of Regina Department of Sociology and Social Studies, viewed 11 May, 2006, http://uregina.ca/~gingrich/f10 0.htm. Goffman, E., (2004), The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Gardners Books Ward, C., (2001), Psychology of Culture Shock, Routledge

Poor Are Better Than Rich :: essays research papers

Erez Cohen   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Poor Are The Richest   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The poor may have the smallest pockets, but they surely have the biggest hearts†. Rich people are the selfish people that only care about their wealth and about their reputation, they are greedy and only care about making money. Furthermore, they are consumed with the idea of degregating the poor so they can achieve success, even if it means destroying others lives. On the other hand, the poor are those who battle to survive among the rich and live their lives to help others. They are open minded and always wanting to give more than what they have. moral character of the rich and the poor and thus they don’t help each other mutually in obstacles they each have to face.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poor people are filled with hope and the desire to help others that are in need of help. They are consumed with goodness and are always seeking to help out theiw on class. The Mexican revolution is very good example of how, when in tough times, poor families and friends stick together and help each other out. The people were searching for work, money, and happiness, but were faced with many hardships along the way. Those who were able to make it to their destination were not met with the fulfi but with the feeling of being unwanted. On the other hand the poor welcomed each other and tried their best to assist those in need of help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being rich causes individuals to abandon their values and be blinded by the fact that there are others in this world who are not so wealthy as you and who are in need of help. Eventually people reach a point in which they believe that money should be obtained

Food Memoir Essay

Eating it as soon as it gets out of the oven is an amazing experience. The elation increased inside me as soon as I started to smell the juicy baked chicken. Suddenly, it feels like a irresistible need to grab a bite of it right away. Obviously you can’t resist it, so you cut a piece of it and eat it. The crunchy sensation of the baked cereal all around the chicken is wonderful, but not only the texture felt good, the gooey of the sugar that comes with the cornflake make it taste like glory. The sweet mixed with the salt of the seasonings is an incredible party inside the mouth. Adding a delicious bowl of baked potatoes with bechamel sauces makes the dish even better. I always love to cook and be creative while cooking; preparing different kind of dishes with different seasons, all natural most of the time. Cooking is not about following recipes and going by the cooking book. Instead it’s about being able to mix different seasonings to create the perfect taste. The history behind this invention comes from the lack of resources to prepare a decent dish. It was a quite night like tonight, listening to John Mayer and my roommate and I were really hungry. Then we looked at the refrigerator and cabinets to see what we could cook but we only found chicken, tomatoes, garlic, salt and pepper. Having all those seasons and been tired of eating grill chicken I decided to make it baked crunchy chicken, but sadly there wasn’t any ground bread and I figured it out late so the only thing that I could use was the cereal. So that is how it happened, a happy mistake. I used cornflakes instead of bread crumbs for the baked chicken. At the time I started to prepare the chicken, two girls came in looking for us. They reaction was priceless; they screamed â€Å"Oh my god! You guys are crazy! † at us. My roommate after he laughed for few seconds he told them that it was going to taste good and that they will want me to cook for them after they taste it. The girls said ok and stayed in our apartment all night with us having fun. While the chicken was in the oven, I put some potatoes to boil. Then when the potatoes were cooked, I prepared bechamel sauces. I took a bowl with all the potatoes and I let the bechamel sauces rain over it. Then I put the bowl inside the oven with the chicken as well. In the meantime, I sat down between the two girls and we talked about something â€Å"special†. That happened later that night. When it was time to take the chicken and the potatoes out of the oven, we all went to the kitchen to see how it looks like. First I took out the chicken and placed on the dinner table, and then I go back to the kitchen to take out the potatoes as well. When I come back from the kitchen, I found that my friends had already eaten one chicken to taste it in like 8 seconds. I told them that they attacked the chicken too fast. Therefore one of the girls said to me that it was really good, that the sugar on the chicken was delicious. We sat on the table, each of us four with 2 boneless Baked Cereal Crunchy Chicken, with baked potatoes doused in bechamel sauce and many very cold coke cans. The coke cans were so cold that I had to use my can handler while the others used a can bag that we have. Those 15 to 30 minutes that we were eating on the table, became a good memory to our brains and especially to our tongues. Even though, that like five other people came to the apartment to check out our dinner and ate from our food, it was a good. They find out about it because the girls posted some pictures on instagram. Every single people who tasted the food, at the beginning when they saw what was it, they were all like â€Å"Cornflakes with Chicken? † However they all found it very tasty. Good enough to tell me that I should do that again. After we ate, I laid down on the sofa with my head over one of the girl legs. Then my friend yelled out loud â€Å"Toy timbi†, that is a Dominican expression that people say when we cannot eat more. My roommate went to the kitchen to clean the dishes, as it was his turn. After he was done, the girls screamed â€Å"Special time! † and suddenly a bottle of Jose Cuervo appeared. They prepared some margaritas with lemon and strawberry mixer. Later on, after around 3 rounds of margaritas we started to listen and dance merengue and salsa. We dance for like hour and half non stopping. Also we were singing a bit while we were dancing. We stopped dancing when he figure out that it was 4:00 am and we had class at 8:30 am. We were all tired but we were also in a happy mood. We all went to bed right away, but sadly none of us make it through the next four hours; the one who woke up earlier was the younger girl at 10 o’clock. She nocked my door very hard, until I woke up really mad because we skipped the class at 8:30 am. When we were all ready, we talked about last night. And the first thing that came out was that the chicken was really good and when I would do it again.

A Woman To Her Lover Essay

Write a critical analysis of Christina Walsh’s poem ‘A Woman to Her Lover’. Compare and contrast the poem with others you have studied in the unit. Christina Walsh, a female poet, wrote the poem ‘A woman to her lover’ as a free verse. A free verse is a poem with an irregular stanza length, no rhyme scheme and no syllabus count. Writing it as a free verse reflects her point which is women is can change their attitude towards men. She broke all the rules of poetry, this shows that women do not have to be weak towards men, it does not have to be the same as tradition, the man does not have to control the women, they can have equal love. Stanza one in Christina Walsh’s poem suggests slavery. She uses the word ‘bond slave’, which means a slave that does something without saying anything. Christina Walsh uses an image of a war, ‘as conqueror to the vanquished’. As she is the defeated, then she is forced, which shows that they are enemies. She does not want to be possessed by any one, she refuses it, and ‘O Lover I refuse you!’ she also uses an exclamation mark that shows she is serious. Christina Walsh uses alliteration of the letter ‘b’ throughout the whole poem. This is called a labial plosive. ‘To bend†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, ‘bond slave†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘to bear’ are used in stanza one, this shows that she is angry and being very assertive. ‘To bear your children, wearing out my life’ uses caesura to balance the two ideas. She is saying that if she gives him children, it is equivalent to wearing out her life. She tells him ‘O lover’ right after the caesura that makes the phrase very strong. It is emphasized. Stanza two in Christina Walsh’s poem suggests a very different idea. It shows that she does not want to be treated as an angel that never does any mistakes or to be worshiped as a goddess, no one is perfect and neither is she. ‘Go! – I am no doll to dress and sit for feeble worship’, this shows that she thinks it is pathetic to treats someone like they are perfect and that they are just there to pleaseyou.Throughout the stanza, Christina Walsh uses alliteration in the letter ‘w’, ‘wed†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, ‘word and wish’, ‘wingless†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘worship†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This gives a soft sound that reflects how the man sees the women. She then uses the word ‘Go!’ to show that what she is saying is straightforward, which again shows that she is against being loved for her beauty and perfecti on. She then calls him a ‘fool’ and tells him again, ‘I  refuse you’. This shows that she is convinced with her point and the repetition shows that she I against both points she has mentioned. ‘Sonnet CXXX’ by William Shakespeare can be linked with the second stanza of Christina Walsh’s poem. They both agree about the same idea. They both suggest that women should not be loved for her beauty. At the beginning of the sonnet, the reader starts to feel that Shakespeare hates the women. He says ‘My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun’, this shows that she is not good looking; she is not beautiful. However, he concludes that even though she is not beautiful he loves her more than any beautiful girl has ever beenloved.The poem is a sonnet. This means it contains fourteen lines made up of three quatrains and a rhyming couplet at the end. Only in Shakespeare’s sonnets, the rhyming couplets conclude his point. It is also written in iambic pentameter. Shakespeare is against the idea of tradition and courtly love; he is against the idea that the man describes the women as if she is the most beautiful women on earth. He says that his love to his mistress is ‘rare’ even though he does not describe her as beautiful. Describing her as beautiful would be ‘false compare’. The third stanza in ‘A Woman to Her Lover’ Christina Walsh is trying to show us that she will not be a sex object that satisfies her husband’s desires, and neither will any women of her time. She says ‘not for you the hand of any wakened woman of our time’. She uses the word ‘wakened’ to show that this concept is not for any woman, it is for any aware and educated woman that knows her rights. Christina Walsh repeats the word ‘Or’ in both stanza two and stanza three. This shows that she has a list of ideas that she will make her refuse a man. She also uses the word ‘creature’. This shows that if she accepts the face that a man wants to marry her tofu fill his desires then that is not any better than animals.  She says ‘women of our time’ to show that this way of a relationship is old-fashioned and no one will accept, as now it is not the same as the olddays.The poem ‘To his coy mistress’ shows a teenager that is trying to convince his girlfriend to have sex with him. The boy gives her a list of reasons why she should have sex with him now.  

Propanol and Butanol Essay Example

Propanol and Butanol Essay Example Propanol and Butanol Paper Propanol and Butanol Paper To investigate and compare the relationships between the amounts of energy released from different alcohols in the alcohol series. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Alcohols are a series of organic homologous compounds with the general formula of C(n) H(2n+1) OH. They gain their properties, which are different to those of other compounds in the homologous series due to the OH bonded to the Carbon. The 4 simplest alcohols are Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol and Butanol. Each alcohol has one more carbon and two more hydrogens than the previous one. When alcohols are heated to react in a copious supply of oxygen they undergo complete combustion to form carbon dioxide and water. The reaction is an exothermic one and produces a flame emitting light and thermal energy. This is because the energy put into the alcohol to break the bonds is less than the energy given out by new bonds forming. Therefore, different alcohols release different amounts of energy. The diagrams and calculations on the following sheets show the theoretical energy release of each alcohol using the bond energy values below. BOND TYPE BOND ENERGY (KJ/mol) 0-H 463 C-H 412 C-O 360 C=O. 805 (Carbon dioxide) O=O 496 C-C 348 The calculations show that: (the negative values mean energy is lost from the compounds and is therefore given out as heat or light) ALCOHOL ENERGY RELEASED (KJ/mol)) Methanol -659 Ethanol -1279 Propan-1-ol -1899 Butan-1-ol -2519 The negative values mean energy is lost from the compounds and is therefore given out as heat or light as an exothermic reaction. The graph shows that as the length of alcohol chains increases the energy released by combustion will also increase directly proportionally. This is shown by the straight line passing through the origin on the graph on page 6. This is because the longer chains have give out more energy from the bonds formed in the products than the energy that went in to break the extra carbon and 2 hydrogen bonds. During this investigation I will be using propan-1-ol and butan-1-ol. The 1 refers to the structure of the compound, as Propanol and Butanol are capable of having more than one structure but share the same molecular formula. This is important as other isomers will release different levels of energy due to the different arrangement of bonds. PREDICTION The evidence given previously states that the longer the chain of the molecules the more energy it will release. Therefore I expect Methanol to give of the least energy and Butan-1ol to release the most amount of energy. This is due to the enrrgy of the products in Butanol being higher than the energy in Methanol. My graph should look the same as the one on the previous page for the theoretical energy release values. However, I will expect my results to show a lower level of energy release because not all of the energy will go into heating the water. Some of the heat will be lost by being blown away and some energy will take the form of light. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION. How high do I place the calorimeter above the burner? I found that a decent sized flame was 4cm and therefore I clamped the calorimeter 7cm above the top of the burner. This allowed for the flame to burn freely without the bottom of the calorimeter interfering with the combustion and making it unfair. How large should the flame be? Although the size of the flame will not effct the results diretly because the rate at which the alcohol burns is irrelevant due to the fat that the change in mass is also measured. However, the size of the flame can make the results inaccurate in other ways. I found that the small flames flickered to much and did not produce a constant enough source of heat. However, I also found that the large flames were blown around a lot by the slightest of drafts and therefore the heat was not always being transferred into the calorimeter. I decided that 4cm was a good height to use as it was not affected by the drafts too much and did not flicker.   How much water do I fill the calorimeter with? The amount of water in the calorimeter needs to be a sensible amount as too much will not heat up enough to be recorded accurately and too little will heat up so much it boils and the results are useless. Therefore I decided to use 70cmi (70g) of distilled water as it was heated up enough to be recorded acuratly but did not boil.   How often do I stir the calorimeter? The calorimeter needs to be stirred so that the water is moved around and uniform heating occurs. Uniform heating means that all the water is the same temperature and not just the bottom of the water is heated. Uniform heating make results more accurate. I decided to plunge the stirring wire down and up once every 5 seconds in order to mix the water.   How long do I heat the calorimeter for?

Queen Isabella II of Spain Was a Controversial Ruler

Queen Isabella II of Spain Was a Controversial Ruler Background Isabella, who lived during troubled times for the Spanish monarchy, was the daughter of Ferdinand VII of Spain (1784 - 1833), a Bourbon ruler, by his fourth  wife, Maria of the Two Sicilies (1806 - 1878).  She was born October 10, 1830. Her Fathers Reign Ferdinand VII became king of Spain in 1808 when his father, Charles IV, abdicated.  He abdicated about two months later, and Napoleon installed Joseph Bonaparte, his brother, as the Spanish king. The decision was unpopular, and within months Ferdinand VII was again established as king, though he was in France under Napoleons control until 1813.  When he returned, it was as a constitutional, not absolute, monarch. His reign was marked by quite a bit of unrest, but there was relative stability by the 1820s, other than having no living children to pass his title to.  His first wife died after two miscarriages. His two daughters from his earlier marriage to Maria Isabel of Portugal (his niece) also did not survive infancy. He had no children by his third wife. He married his fourth wife, Maria of the Two Sicilies, in 1829. They had first one daughter, the future Isabella II, in 1830, then another daughter, Luisa, younger than Isabella II, who lived from 1832 to 1897, and married Antoine, Duke of Monpensier. This fourth wife, Isabella IIs mother, was another niece, daughter of his younger sister Maria Isabella of Spain.  Thus, Charles IV of Spain and his wife, Maria Luisa of Parma, were Isabellas paternal grandparents and maternal great-grandparents. Isabella Becomes Queen Isabella succeeded to the Spanish throne on the death of her father, September 29, 1833, when she was just three years old.  He had left directions that  Salic Law  would be set aside so that his daughter, rather than his brother, would succeed him. Maria of the Two Sicilies, Isabellas mother, supposedly had persuaded him to take that action. Ferdinands brother and Isabellas uncle, Don Carlos, disputed her right to succeed.  The Bourbon family, of which she was a part, had until this time avoided female inheritance of rulership. This disagreement about succession led to the First Carlist War, 1833-1839, while her mother, and then General Baldomero Espartero, served as regents for the underage Isabella. The military finally established her rule in 1843. Early Uprisings In a series of diplomatic turns, called the Affair of the Spanish Marriages, Isabella and her sister married Spanish and French nobles. Isabella had been expected to marry a relative of Prince Albert of England. Her change in marriage plans helped alienate England, empower the conservative faction in Spain, and bring Louis-Philippe of France closer to the conservative faction. This helped lead to the liberal uprisings of 1848 and to Louis-Philippes defeat. Isabella was rumored to have chosen her Bourbon cousin, Francisco de Assis, as a husband because he was impotent, and they largely lived apart, though they did have children.  Her mothers pressure has also been credited with Isabellas choice. Rule Ended by Revolution Her authoritarianism, her religious fanaticism, her alliance with the military and the chaos of her reign - sixty different governments - helped bring about the Revolution of 1868 that exiled her to Paris. She abdicated on June 25, 1870, in favor of her son, Alfonso XII, who ruled beginning in December 1874, after the First Spanish Republic collapsed. Even though Isabella occasionally returned to Spain, she lived most of her later years in Paris, and she never again exerted much political power or influence. Her title after abdication was Her Majesty Queen Isabella II of Spain. Her husband died in 1902.  Isabella died  April 9 or 10, 1904. You can also read about Queen Isabellas in History  on this site, in case this Isabella isnt the one you were looking for

What Does My PSAT Score Mean 3 Next Steps After the PSAT

What Does My PSAT Score Mean 3 Next Steps After the PSAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You just got your PSAT score – what's next?You just got your score, but don't know what it exactly means or what you should do next. There are three strong implications of your PSAT score, and those students that understand them do a lot better in college admissions that those who don't. Read on to find out what those implications are. Did you just get your PSAT score? (If not, check out the PSAT release schedule here). If so, you may be wondering how to interpret the score. The PSAT serves a number of purposes. It prepares you for the SAT test next year, which is one of the most important pieces in college admissions. It determines a number (but not all) of scholarships. And perhaps most importantly, it's the starting line when students with foresight begin planning for college. Step 1: What Does Your PSAT Score Mean? Is It Good or Bad? The PSAT score generally can be mapped to the SAT score divided by 10. So a 2000 on the SAT is similar to 200 on the PSAT. Once you know this, you can see how you did using our guide here. There are some important differences between the PSAT and SAT, however. For one, you're generally taking the PSAT in 10th grade, so that when you take the SAT next year, you will be one year wiser and smarter. This means that, on average, the PSAT provides a lower bound on your score for the SAT (see this article about how to interpret a 10th grade PSAT / SAT / ACT score). The average student improves around 50 points between the PSAT and SAT (and even more with online prep). Therefore, if you take your PSAT score, multiply by 10, and add 120 points, you'll get a good prediction of your SAT score. You can use this score to figure out what range of colleges you'll qualify for: simply search for the college's SAT score. Step 2: Find Out Whether You're in the Running for Merit Scholarships The PSAT is also known as the test of whether you qualify for the National Merit Scholarships (NMS). NMS awards are generally around $2,500, and the PSAT score needed to qualify varies according to circumstance, but in all cases, you need to get above 200 on the PSAT to be even considered. The actual qualification cutoff is 215 on average, but it's possible to score a bit lower and still qualify, or score a bit higher and still not make it. If you make the cutoff score, congrats! However, to get the NMS award, you also have to have good recommendations and academic performance at school. The National Merit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC) details what happens after you meet the cutoff. Also, there are important factors affecting which NMS award you get: most are from the standard pool of $2,500 awards, but some companies give slighly more to special groups. For example, I was qualifying for the NMS, my scholarship was sponsored by my father's employer for a slightly higher amount of $3,000. Finally, certain colleges will give scholarships if you go to that college, but I caution against taking these awards unless that college was your top pick anyway. Whether a college gives you a few thousand dollars is usually a smaller issue than the overall sticker price, or the quality of the education. If you don't make the cutoff, don't stress! Not all scholarships are administered by the NMS. In fact, I would say from my experience that a vast minority of scholarships are administered by the NMSC. For example, when I was attending college, most of my scholarship came from the college itself, much larger than any other I received. Other institutions provide scholarships through a process that bypasses the NMSC completely. Don't stop your scholarship search just because your PSAT score is under 200! Step 3: Get Started With PSAT Prep The PSAT is the kickoff of the college application consideration timeline. Do you need to stress about applications immediately as a sophomore? No. Do you need to read dozens of college entrance guides right this moment? No. But you should definitely take this seriously as the starting point of thinking about colleges. From my experience, my classmates that began to think about college after they got their PSAT scores fared a lot better than those who started thinking about college in the middle of junior year, or God forbid, senior year. What to Do Next How to get a perfect SAT score How to win a National Merit Scholarship

Economic Geography Op-Ed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Economic Geography Op-Ed - Essay Example There are two types of barriers to movement. That is systematic and personal. The particular hindrance involves physical location and the mental ability. The systematic complications refer to political contrivances, given laws, educational chances and barriers that come from historical instances. (Miguà ©lez & Moreno, 2013 .The awareness and development of a high class of labour mobility and migration gives an opportunity to a more efficient and effective distribution of resources. Labour migration and movement have confirmed to be a must driver of innovations. Conflict, misunderstanding, globalization, demographic differences and shifts, inequality in income, and change in income may arise. Moreover, this may lead to more families and job seekers to move across different borders in searching for comfortable security and employment. According to United Nations statistics, approximately there are over two hundred million migrant and foreign workers in the world. Mobile and foreign labourers usually add up to development in their based countries as compared to the home country (World Bank, 2004). It brings brain drain. There are complicated challenges in terms of international cooperation, governance, migration and linkages of development and protections of migrant labourers. Economists and other researchers suggest that as time continues to elapse, mobility and migration of workers should have an equal impact on income. (Miguà ©lez Moreno, 2013).International labor organization as an immigrant agency strives to enable policies that maximize the advantages of labour mobility and migration for all those parties involved. However, immigration of workers must exhibit openness, selection of migrants and the right to grant. In high-income countries, the immigration policies show temporal residence, limitation to high skilled labor and temporal restrictions of rights. These are workers or

Cultural Change and Transformation Throughout Military History Essay

Cultural Change and Transformation Throughout Military History - Essay Example The role of cultural understanding as a factor influencing military operations is examined in this paper. Reference is made to two particular military operations: the American Civil War and the Operation Iraqi...... The economic development between the North and the South was not equal; the North, based on the principle of freedom of all people no matter their race, was able to absorb the immigrants and support a rapid industrial development. On the contrary, the South where immigrants were needed for supporting the farming activities of the local population, different rules – in terms of equality among people – existed. In South, farmers were asking for more slaves in order to respond to the needs of the continuously increased production. For example, the production of cotton in South was increased to ‘2.3 billion pounds in 1860, i.e. at about 230 percent during the 1850s’ (Macrohistory and World Report 2011, online article). Under the above terms, the number of slaves in USA was continuously increased, reaching in 1860 the 3,953,760 – from 1.2 million in 1800s (Macrohistory and World Report 2011, online article). Almost all slaves were living in South, a fact that led to the clear cultural differentiation between North and South. In South, the political and military authorities respected the principles of equality and freedom; in South, slavery was the rule for black and people in minorities. In terms of the characteristics of the society also, North was different from South; in North, middleclass people represented the high percentage of the population, a fact that led to the development of different ethics and culture compared to the South where the distinction between the classes was significant; two main social classes could be identified in South: the farmers and the poor people (Macrohistory and World Report 2011, online article). On the other hand, in North people did not have many chances for entertainment. They

Negative impact of globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Negative impact of globalization - Essay Example The line of living standard between rich and poor is accelerating alarming rates. Organizations like World Bank and IMF, for instance, provide huge loans and funding for projects primarily aimed at obliging the Neoliberal politics of globalization. The formation of an unrestricted international free market has benefited multinational companies and corporations in influencing the political decisions. These corporations are continuously deriving huge benefits at the expense of local enterprises, cultures, and people, mostly in the western world. Privatization of national holdings has led to job insecurity and lower standards of living. Employees are being recruited on contract basis reducing job incentives. A lot of people are even working at less than minimum wages due to far greater job competition that has affected their normal living standard adversely. Additionally, employees are living in a constant fear of losing their jobs to competition. Developed countries worldwide have strong standards for pollution control. Firms take advantage of the countries with poor environmental regulations and are continuously setting up industries degrading the environment for financial gains. The popular fast food chains such as McDonalds and KFC are attracting more people to consume junk food giving rise to various health concerns. Businesses in developed countries are outsourcing jobs to cheaper developing world consequently leaving their own people with less job opportunities. For instance, the cost of manufacturing goods and wages are low in China and India. Many local talents like programmers, writers, scientists, accountants and teachers have lost their jobs as a result of outsourcing to these countries. One of the major adverse effects of globalization is child labor exploitation. Child workers are recruited at comparatively negligible cost and are

Buying Behavior & Market Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Buying Behavior & Market Analysis - Essay Example It also took a substantial amount of risk because some of the files could be corrupted and it wouldn’t function. Again, the game could refuse to work with my computer. On the other hand, a low involvement purchase needs simple process of evaluation. Buying underwear was simple and it is something I do every now and then. I knew the brand and the size I was going for. In purchasing the computer game, I felt that I needed a better and a recent version of the game I had. I had seen this new version in my friend’s computer and felt that I, too, should have one like that. The next thing I did was to enquire about the game. The price was the first thing to enquire so that I could know if I could afford it or at least needed some assistance. Another thing that I had to know was whether the game could play on my computer, that is the processor and RAM requirement of the game. Lastly I had to enquire if there was a warranty in case the game was not in good condition. After getti ng all the information about the game, I had to evaluate in what terms it was better than the one I had. Another friend of mine had told me about another similar computer game and I had to go and enquire from him and compare the two. Finally I decided to purchase the game. It worked well with my computer and I was completely satisfied with that purchase. In purchasing the underwear, the task was rather simple. ... I purchased the underpants and they were just as good as I had expected. The process of purchasing a computer game is quite different from the process involved in purchasing the underwear. First, it is the time taken in each stage of the process. In a low involvement purchase, the process is quite simple because it involves purchases we do regularly. Most of the time, in a low involvement purchasing, we skip some steps or even rearrange these steps. When a need arises, the next step automatically is searching information about what one needs, however, this step is mostly skipped in low involvement purchasing. This is because one already knows what they want. From there, the decision is made and one goes straight to purchasing. In a high involvement purchasing, all the steps have to be followed and this makes the process longer. One has to take a lot of time in searching for information about the product to be purchased. Also, a lot of time is needed in evaluation of alternatives so t hat one purchases the best product. The other difference between the two purchases is that in the purchase of computer game there was a high risk involved compared to purchasing underwear. The risks in a high involvement purchase are due to the amount of money involved. This is because it is not the kind of a purchase one does every now and then. This is the reason why it is important to take enough time in the process When marketing any product, the essence is to attract and persuade customers to purchase your products. This process is not as easy as it sounds. One has to have the skills needed in order to affect the decision of the buyer. Understanding the customer behavior model is the first step in marketing of any product, be it a low or a high involvement purchase. However,

Nursing informatics Applying standardized Terminologies in Practice Essay

Nursing informatics Applying standardized Terminologies in Practice - Essay Example First, standardized terminologies allow for improved communication amongst nurses and other healthcare professionals (McGonigle and Mastroianni, 2014). Second, there is more transparency of nursing intercessions when using standardized terminologies. Third, patient care gets better with standardized terminologies, and data gathering methods improve to assess nursing care results. Fifth, nurses stick more to caregiving standards while fostering the evaluation of nursing proficiency. Lastly, standardized terminologies promote the nursing study itinerary by producing information concerning patient care on a regular basis (Cashin, 2010). Applying standardized terminologies in psychiatric nursing helps in distinguishing nurse’s inputs in patient care from those made by medicine practitioners. As the advancement of EHR systems and the NHIN (Nationwide Health Information Network) grow increasingly fast, the challenge of distinguishing Geriatric, Correctional and Psychiatric nursing from pediatrics and psychology become even more crucial (Cashin, 2010). A second challenge that standardized terminologies can help overcome is integrating definitions of nursing practice into the health archive in a way that is proportionate to its significance to patients’ wellbeing. I am currently partaking in a Family Nurse Practitioner program, which makes it my role to know nurses’ contributions to patient treatment and recovery. This knowledge is as pivotal as finding a method to integrate aspects of nursing practice to EHR systems (McGonigle and Mastroianni, 2014). The acknowledged standardized terminologies applied in Geriatric and Psychiatric nursing entail seven interface and three multidisciplinary terms. First, CCC (Clinical Care Classification) is a study-oriented, experientially built term that entails nursing analyses, intercessions, and findings (Cashin, 2010). Second, Omaha System is a framework that offers a compute-attuned

Buying Behavior & Market Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Buying Behavior & Market Analysis - Essay Example It also took a substantial amount of risk because some of the files could be corrupted and it wouldn’t function. Again, the game could refuse to work with my computer. On the other hand, a low involvement purchase needs simple process of evaluation. Buying underwear was simple and it is something I do every now and then. I knew the brand and the size I was going for. In purchasing the computer game, I felt that I needed a better and a recent version of the game I had. I had seen this new version in my friend’s computer and felt that I, too, should have one like that. The next thing I did was to enquire about the game. The price was the first thing to enquire so that I could know if I could afford it or at least needed some assistance. Another thing that I had to know was whether the game could play on my computer, that is the processor and RAM requirement of the game. Lastly I had to enquire if there was a warranty in case the game was not in good condition. After getti ng all the information about the game, I had to evaluate in what terms it was better than the one I had. Another friend of mine had told me about another similar computer game and I had to go and enquire from him and compare the two. Finally I decided to purchase the game. It worked well with my computer and I was completely satisfied with that purchase. In purchasing the underwear, the task was rather simple. ... I purchased the underpants and they were just as good as I had expected. The process of purchasing a computer game is quite different from the process involved in purchasing the underwear. First, it is the time taken in each stage of the process. In a low involvement purchase, the process is quite simple because it involves purchases we do regularly. Most of the time, in a low involvement purchasing, we skip some steps or even rearrange these steps. When a need arises, the next step automatically is searching information about what one needs, however, this step is mostly skipped in low involvement purchasing. This is because one already knows what they want. From there, the decision is made and one goes straight to purchasing. In a high involvement purchasing, all the steps have to be followed and this makes the process longer. One has to take a lot of time in searching for information about the product to be purchased. Also, a lot of time is needed in evaluation of alternatives so t hat one purchases the best product. The other difference between the two purchases is that in the purchase of computer game there was a high risk involved compared to purchasing underwear. The risks in a high involvement purchase are due to the amount of money involved. This is because it is not the kind of a purchase one does every now and then. This is the reason why it is important to take enough time in the process When marketing any product, the essence is to attract and persuade customers to purchase your products. This process is not as easy as it sounds. One has to have the skills needed in order to affect the decision of the buyer. Understanding the customer behavior model is the first step in marketing of any product, be it a low or a high involvement purchase. However,

Marketing Budget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Budget - Essay Example The above spread sheet is the explanation of the actual workings, response rate, CPM, Prospects generated, and conversion rates. The spa is actually expected to have 842 conversions a month from these promotions and an average sales per head of $80 will result in sales of $67360 per month. Response rates have been taken at the following percentages News paper ads at 2%, Magazine -1 % and Bill Boards - .5%, in the Print media. As the spa is using the pull strategy to market its services, hence it currently will not employ a telesales team to actively push sales over the phone. Besides, the spa does not possess a large calling base. However, with an existing base of 250+ names and numbers it decides to send direct mail and a 5% conversion on this generates 12 prospects. Sales Force: The spa operates only with a minimum of 2 salesmen who make 7 calls a day, 5 days a week with 20 % prospects and a 35% conversion rate on the prospect. A senior member will accompany them to a corporate house once a week and the sales men will take the lead from there to generate further business. Events and Sponsors: This will generate an additional 50 % conversion rate considering the celebrities who would visit the spa as this lures people to be present in the spa during their visit to the spa. The CPM for Television is $6 per 1000 viewers and this would result in $60 for a 30 second commercial aired once. Airing this 4 times a day, 30 days a month costs $7200. The CPM on the internet for Face book and MySpace is $.5 for 1000 views a day ,$50 for 1,00,000 views 30 days a month is $1500. The conversions for all print and non print prospects have been kept a conservative 15%. The budget mentioned is both viable and comprehensive and even a 15% slip on the expected rate will leave the spa with a healthy Net Profit

Concealed Carry Everywhere Essay Example for Free

Concealed Carry Everywhere Essay Since the beginning of our nation after the Declaration of Independence was signed, individuals have had the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Inside these ‘rights’ is the right to bear arms. Is that wrong? Should all people have access to firearms? As stated in the second amendment, we as a nation and individuals have every right to own our own weapons. Therefore, it is your right to either own a weapon or not. There are some who buy a gun, put it in their gun cabinet, and never look at it again for years. Others shoot their guns regularly at ranges, take it to go on a hunting trip, or keep it close to their bed at night if they live in areas with a high crime rate, and these are all practices of using a gun that are considered to be proper uses. On the other hand, there are those who obtain them illegally and use them to harm, murder, rape, or put fear in other citizens. Most states offer a concealed handgun license that you can get when you turn twenty-one by going through the right course in order for you to carry a weapon around legally. The right to bear arms is an important symbol of an individual’s freedoms that our founding fathers established for those who understood the proper and improper uses when you bear arms, and anyone or anything trying to take that away is morally unjust and unconstitutional. If you live in a suburb or rural area surrounding a city you usually do not live in fear of someone trying to rob, hurt, or attack you while you are walking down a street. Yet it is still good to keep a firearm around just in case one of these scenarios occur. If you live in a city with a good amount of people, it is a totally different story. We do not live in the wild west anymore so it would be uncommon to see a man walking down the street strapped up with shotguns and pistols looking like he is going to war. Now that we live in the twenty-first century we have certain laws that require you to get a concealed handgun license. Carrying a concealed weapon doesn’t mean that someone is planning on using the gun to rob a bank or hold up a gas station, it is just a citizen arming themselves the legal way just in case they need to use it to protect themselves or anyone in danger. Giving citizens the chance to get these licenses shows trust, our individual freedoms, and â€Å"it is part of the reason why we have a lower crime rate† (Bush) than we would if we didn’t have citizens with licenses. In highly populated areas across the U. S. there is always going to be a high crime rate due to the amount of people crowded into one area. In every major city there are one or more major college universities. Almost all colleges have a ban on the allowance of guns on campus, and this is partly due to the Students for Gun Free Schools (SGFS). According to statistics pulled from an SGFS essay there is â€Å"an undeniable fact that college causes typically have a lower crime rate than the cities in which they reside. † Some people believe that this is all because guns are not allowed on campus, but I believe that this counter argument is not necessarily true. Most of the reasons that crime rates are lower are because it is a college campus, not a city. The crimes that occur there are mostly thefts and assaults, but not murder and rape. This is because at a college campus there are a bunch of young like-minded individuals who would help a person in need if they saw something wrong happening. However, just because you can carry around a weapon does not mean that you should go to a highly populated area such as malls, airports, sport events, bars, clubs, and banks with your weapon. Even professionals whose job it is to teach concealed handgun courses believe that there are certain times you should carry your weapon and times when you shouldn’t, for the safety of the general public. By bringing your weapon into a crowded public area you can put every individual in the vicinity in danger. Any situation can turn into mass chaos if shots are fired by a gunman and police because bullets miss their intended targets. Many people believe that since the states adopted the CCW right (concealed carry weapon right) that there has been an increase in killings and violent crime rates. In all actuality the states that allow these rights have seen violent crime and murder rates go down, significantly. Florida is one of 40 states with the â€Å"right-to-carry† statutes that give citizens the ability to carry concealed handguns with the proper license†, and this lets citizens â€Å"stand their ground and fight back when attacked. †(Bush). It is funny that George Bush said that because he brings a good topic up. When there is a chance for good citizens to own their own weapons it gives them a chance to stop crime. According to Executive Director Joe Waldron of the Citizens Committee for the Right to Keep and Bear Arms (CCRKBA). â€Å"Isn’t it ironic that while Florida, with an armed citizenry, is enjoying a drop in crime, and Washington, D.  C. , where citizens are legally disarmed, is experiencing a crime epidemic? †(Waldron). This shows how being able to carry a concealed weapon can really be to the benefit of the individual and the community. The concealed carry group is not the ones committing the crimes. A big reason that citizens get these licenses is because they’ve heard stories in their communities of theft and break-ins or it is something that their family believes in. They are just trying to protect themselves, their loved ones, friends, and those whom they have never met. This makes them more of a guardian than the supposed wrong doers with guns. This is a fact, most of the gun carriers are just trying to keep the ones around them safe, â€Å"of the 2. 5 million times citizens use their guns to defend themselves every year, the overwhelming majority merely brandish their gun or fire a warning shot to scare off their attackers. Less than 8% of the time, a citizen will kill or wound his/her attacker (Synder). † When you are trained in the course they also teach you basic firing and aiming skills. When you are attacked and provoked to the point where you or someone else is in danger, the gun carrier knows different places he or she can shoot someone to only wound them until the authorities arrive. The opportunity to bear arms runs deeper than being able to stop burglars, murderers, and rapists. It is about the idea of being able to save a life. The feeling one person can get when they know they have done the right thing is something that is irreplaceable and something they will never forget. It also gives you a certain confidence or swagger that helps you sleep at night knowing you can protect yourself and others. When you hear news reports, or read articles attacking gun owners saying that â€Å"we shouldn’t own guns† think twice about who is writing it and why. These arguments are nothing more than attacks on our basic individual rights. H. L. Mencken said it best when he says, â€Å"The urge to save humanity is almost always a false front for the urge to rule it†, and this meaning that things are fine the way they are, and we shouldn’t try to change it. If there is a legal way to get a weapon in order to protect the public, then those who are brave enough to take the challenge should be allowed this privilege.

The World Wide Interconnectedness Today Education Essay

The World Wide Interconnectedness Today Education Essay The notion of globalisation and citizenship are the two areas that always been debated long time ago. If we look at the idea itself, it is not new and both are the concepts that always compete each other as it involve the among other things arguments about politics, identity, rights, equality, inequality and so on. However, the term globalisation was first used in 1960s which based on the idea of bringing the world together. In other words, it means every person in the world is the citizen of the world, who has the status and rights of citizens but on a global context rather than city or nation state basis. In reality, globalisation has took place long time ago especially in the term of communication which we sometimes fail to see them as a form of globalisation for instances international time zones, adoption of Gregorian calendar, adoption of seven days a week and international telegraphic and signalling codes. However, the idea of globalisation started to rise and increasingly deb ated in the latter part of the twentieth century, when the citizens are urged to think globally and to act locally. It is the mindset that presents globalisation as something new and dominant. It is also inevitable process of development by individual human which emphasises on the free of individual choice. There are a lot of definitions and point of views on globalisation. Giddens (1990, p.64) describes globalisation as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. This means that what shapes the locals nowadays may be influenced by the occurring events from different part of the world, resulted from the event of globalisation. In this day and age, the information is very easy to spread. If we look back 20 to 30 years ago, this might be so impossible but with the help of information technology and internet, the world is seemed as being at our fingerti ps. I quite agree with how Giddens defines the term globalisation. In my point of view based on what Giddens statements, globalisation is things that change our everyday life which we cannot see because it is a hidden process which the effects mostly can come out in long term. However, I believe that it is inevitable, can affect us positively as well as negatively. Refer back to the definition that Giddens come out, positively, poor and underdeveloped countries has started to open their eyes and slowly they can see how outside world looks like. Rich and developed countries start to see how the unlucky sides of the world and help them to lighten their burden for example in Africa and Palestine. This is good as what shapes humans social relations with others can be the situation that happens miles away from them. Globalisation has significant impacts on educational policies, structures and practices in countries around the world, though these have been differentially experienced. The driving forces of these changes in education have been economic, political, technological as well as cultural. One of the obvious changes is the global citizenship education which lots of countries in the world adopt this in their education policies and practices. In England, Citizenship Education became part of the English primary schools National Curriculum in September 2000. It is then introduced across the curriculum in secondary schools from September 2002 and will include a global dimension (QCA, 2000). The key concepts of global citizenship are said to include the idea of sustainable development, social justice and the concept of interdependence enhanced by globalisation. It also involves of understanding conflict and conflict resolution, human rights as well as responsibilities (Globalisation and Citizens hip edu. Jack demaine). There are lots of critiques on global citizenship education as a new reform of education. However, many beliefs that national citizenship is now being weakened and a new reform of education are necessary to cope with the developing world nowadays. Global citizenship education is said to be concerned with specific issues and underlying values and attitudes. It urged people to think and use their brain by questioning and exploring their own and others values within community and different parts of the world. It encourages people to think and act globally, making them to see themselves as growing up in the global context, no more thinking only in their society and nation state. In fact, there is emphasises on the global dimension to the food they eat, the clothes they wear, other pupils from different parts of the world in their schools and community (Brownie, 2001). Basically, global citizenship curriculum is designed to develop students knowledge and understanding globally. During the participation, their skill of enquiry and communication will be developed and responsible action appropriate prior to their age will be involved. The requirements are to be met in a variety of ways across the curriculum and also will be embedded in teaching methodology and school ethos (Jack Demaine). Skills, knowledge and understanding of the key concepts of global citizenship education can be developed across the secondary curriculum in many subjects areas such as PSHE and citizenship session. In subject areas such as Science, Mathematics, and English, the knowledge and understanding can be developed through the topics, methodology, activities as well as relation to the appropriate concepts. For example given by Demaine (2002), in English, students may compare the reporting of a world issues in different newspapers, and on the Internet, and critically assess the reports for bias and varying points of view. While in Mathematics, concepts such as mean, mode and median can be used to investigate average wages around the world. World trade, the idea of fair trade as well as the impact of global relations on the lives of individuals along a trade route can be explored in subject Geography. In addition Walkington (1999) demonstrates how geography and global citizenship education both have complimentary aims and provides detailed accounts of classroom strategies which have been used by the teachers that have successfully taught global citizenship through subject Geography. She then agrees that students can acquire appropriate useful knowledge, skills and understandings through the enquiry-based, participatory approaches to citizenship education. Gilbert (1996) argues that students appear to be well disposed to discussion around the question of the environment. In global citizenship education module, particular emphasises is given to United Nations Agenda 21, an environmental plan of action to be taken globally, nationally and locally by organisations of the UN and national governments. Students can develop awareness on the global issues and deeply understand the concepts. Sustainable development, one of the well-known issues increasingly debate globally is one of the key topics discussed in global citizenship education. Students can be encouraged to explore the local action in response to global issues by investigating local plans and priorities for sustainable development. In this module, they can learn and understand the ideas of sustainable development work and their effect on different aspects of local and national government planning and policy decision. Teachers are encouraged to collaborate in order to help students t o learn how citizens can contribute to local decision that will influence their environment and lifes quality. Additionally, the concept of global citizenship education has been linked with the offer of helping humanity. Students are increasingly aware about the human rights, social justice and global issues such as war and peace. Some secondary schools in certain countries like England have already developed their global citizenship curriculum by becoming involved in long-term projects and school-linking particularly in the EU (Demaine, 2002). They have developed strong citizenship elements within their school ethos, policies and curriculum. Some schools also encourage their students to take part in decision-making on anti-bullying and anti-racism policy. However, there are questions to be answered about the possible effectiveness of school-based citizenship education programme. The effectiveness depends on the teacher and the students, as well as school institutions itself. It is essential to motivate teachers that teach the programme by providing enough professional training and excellent materials for the teaching. For the students, the lesson should be integrated with fun and interesting activity whilst the aims of the teaching still can be achieved at the end. Looking at the differences in developed and underdeveloped countries, global citizenship education takes place mostly in school in develop countries. This education programme still seems strange in underdeveloped countries, making that it only benefits by the rich people in rich countries. People in poor countries still left behind and in my point of view, this idea of global citizenship education only cater certain kind of people, leaving behind the basic intention of globalisation, that is bringing the people around the world together. In my point of view, global citizenship education is a good approach to increasingly interconnected world we live right now. Globalisation is an issue that does really exist and despite the fact that I aware that I hold the view of negative things about it, it may come with positive things too. In fact, I really support the implementation of global citizenship education in most countries as it opens up students mind on the global issues, encourage them to address global issues such environmental and war, as well as preparing themselves for global challenges of the future. Long time ago, education is believed to be concerned mainly in producing people with knowledge and skill and their well-being. Education can only affordable by high class and high status people. Later then, as political systems and boundaries and demarcation lines differentiating one country from the other were identified, it can be clearly seen that there was governments involvement in education through the establishment of the public schools. The reason for such an involvement seen by the government was to have a good grip of its citizens. Having held on its citizens, the government was able to have a common ideology inculcated and transferred to its citizens. The same concepts have been applied to the implementation global citizenship education, but in different perspective obviously. The idea and concept of globalisation is delivered and transferred to the people across the world through education. It was thought as the means to enhance the individuals cohesiveness with others gl obally. Such an effort is expected to bring unity among citizens across the world, for having a common goal in the hearts and minds of its citizens. Looking at how globalisation is so powerful in influencing people in various types of field such as economic and political, it also has its strength in affecting the education across the world. One of the obvious effects of globalisation is the emergence of technology-mediated learning which has revolutionised the teaching and learning process. In the era of information technology, explosion of knowledge and information helps the globalisation in term of education. The invention of computers, internet and technology-mediated learning such as through the use of CD, webpage and so on helps in the spreading of information and knowledge to millions around the world. Compare to 10 to 20 years ago, it is difficult to access knowledge and information from outsides, and more dependable on limited books and journals available in local libraries. Nowadays, through online and digital libraries, people especially researchers and educationalist can get access to information and knowledge from boo ks and research works done in the other parts of the world without having the need to travel to the required places. This certainly important as it make the access to education easier and save so much time to do the work. In addition, through the use of the internet, distant learning is now possible and accessible. People especially students can access knowledge twenty-four hours in a day and learn anytime they want to, without having to attend the lectures in the lecture halls. In fact, in completing this course work, I do not have to travel around the world to see how the process of globalisation takes place. Searching information from online journal articles and books internet has already helped me a lot to make progress in this work. Naturally, any invention and development has its positive and negative sides. Although this scientific and innovative way of learning has made people lives a lot easier and better by getting access to knowledge and information fast and efficient, we still can see the downsides of this situation. People have becoming more isolated from the world they use to share with others. They made people learn in a more personalised way in which the effect can be seen through the cut off interaction with the community and society around them. In fact, it drives them more towards achieving success and material gains for the benefit of individual rather than for society. Fromm (1995) has predicted this effect of the globalisation on human individuals a long time ago and he states that: Modern man is alienated from himself, from his fellow men, and from nature. He has been transformed into a commodity, experiences his life forces as an investment which must bring him the maximum profit obtainable under existing market conditions. (Fromm, 1995, p. 67) From the quotes, it is obviously similar to what happen nowadays. People believe that they have developed educationally and economically, and feel confidence that they are being modern enough. They slowly isolate themselves from their society and surroundings. Anything they have done focused and aimed more on gaining maximum profit for them. Another aspect that is missing in the personalised form of learning is the interaction with the teacher and lecturer. Face-to-face interaction during teaching and learning between teacher and students is significant to the students. This is because they can get acquainted with the teacher by physically being present in front of him. In addition, information and knowledge can be more meaningful when they are properly explained by the teacher. Unlike online and distant teaching programme, even though it is easier in terms of accessibility, certain kind of things such as understanding of the knowledge may be difficult to obtain. This might be becaus e of lack of tangible communication where body language, tone of voice, personality, and emotion are absent in virtual learning. Moving along the process of globalisation, education is seen as a tool of human capital development. Economists view education as both consumer and capital good because it offers utility to a consumer and also serves as an input into the production of other goods and services. Human capital theory emphasises how education increases the productivity and efficiency of the workers by increasing the level of cognitive stock of economically productive human capability which is a product of innate abilities and investment in human beings. The provision of formal education is seen as a productive investment in human capital, which the proponents of the theory have considered as equally or even more equally worthwhile than that of physical capital (Olaniyan and Okemakinde, 2008, p. 158). One of the most obvious examples of the application of human capital theory is that there are increasing demands of private education and other factors determining individual demand for education. Many of th e developing nations have realised that the principal mechanism for developing human knowledge is the education system. Therefore, they invest huge sum of money on education not only as attempt to impact knowledge and skills to individuals but also to impart values, ideas, attitudes and aspirations which may be in the nations best developmental interest. Consequently, most countries have put high budgets on education including for development and better quality of education. Many private and international schools are built and they are believed to provide better quality of education rather than standard type of school. Parents that can afford to send their children to such schools choose private and international schools for their children to receive better education, thus providing them with better future and good jobs with higher wages. It is also worth noting that the causal relationship between education and earnings has important implications for public policy. If human capital theorists are correct in arguing that the education is the primary cause of higher earnings, then it obviously make sense to provide better quality of education to low-income groups of society to reduce poverty and the degree of income quality. The next effect of globalisation on education can be seen through the commodity of education especially in higher education. Nowadays, the increasingly popular trend in education is the global trade of higher education in which receives lots of demand across the world. Higher education is seen as a medium for making money for certain organisation. More expensive education is introduced such as private university and international school. It is true that some cases, they provide better quality for learning but the price to be paid is too much. Those comes from rich family can afford the education but what will happen for the middle and low class family who could not afford it? Globalisation emphasises the idea of bringing people together, making the status all people the same but the reality is because of competition among individual people, education is the thing that you have to pay in order to get it. The more money you willing to pay, the higher the quality of education you will g et, that what most of people nowadays believe in. Same goes to the schooling trend which is getting popular now, that is international school. The same concept as the concept of globalisation applies to international school which is bringing the people together across the world. It globalised in terms of content learning and students inside. Students share different cultures and values, but rarely we can see they share the same class and social status. Usually students come from high class and social status as we know the fees to enter this type of school is far too high. The curriculum usually uses International Baccalaureate which is claimed as a prestigious qualification. Here, we can see the proof of inequality of education being rise. It is obvious for most of the cases, education is seen as commodity, a tool for making money, rather than for public good. There are competition to get into schools where the education is considered to be worth the students or their parents money. Moore (2000) argues that investing in education is same like investing in the stock market. People have to wait long enough for the outcomes. Most of us have a mindset that we can get a better job with high income of we attend better schools. In other words, a certified level of education is a commodity, means that it is useful and can be turned into commercial advantage. Increasing in outcome-oriented form of education. Knowledge for its own sake seems to have lost its currency in a world where outcomes have become the goal of tertiary education. (Mondon, 2010) Babalola (2003, cited in Olaniyan and Okemakinde, 2008 2) states that the contribution of education to economic growth and development occurs through its ability to increase productivity of an existing labour force in various ways. In Malaysia for example, the Malaysian government has made many efforts to make Malaysia as a centre of education excellence in the region and to supply the industry with the relevant human resources.

Balance and Tragedy in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Feminism Literar

Mohandas K. Gandhi once proclaimed, â€Å"There is no occasion for women to consider themselves subordinate or inferior to men† (Gandhi n.p.). Women all throughout the world have been forced to endure innumerable hardships and struggles. Merely accepting women as a rightful component of society and a necessary aspect of culture has taken countless numbers of years. And to this day, unfortunately, gender equality has yet to become a reality for many. Certain judgments and stereotypes have been placed onto women from the very beginning of time. The belief that the female gender should only be seen in society as homemakers is something that is widely accepted by people in a multitude of countries and places. Despite the setbacks, various women have felt the need to fight for their rights and prove that they are an extremely crucial part of all societies. In the nineteenth century, the Cult of Domesticity, also known as the Cult of True Womanhood, was founded. It created s pecific rules that women in the United States and Great Britain were expected to follow. How well one obeyed the rules of the Cult of Domesticity dictated her reputation among fellow citizens (â€Å"From Domestic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  n.p.). The strict guidelines often had negative effects on individuals and prevented them from acting in an honest manner. In Othello, Shakespeare created the character of Emilia to perfectly represent the struggles women faced with fitting into their roles in society. The few female characters in the play were all shown in very different lights in order to demonstrate the varying types of women that could be seen in a normal society during that time. In William Shakespeare’s work Othello, Emilia’s imbalance of logic and emotion, a result of the pressur... ...ose to a balance, the chain reaction of events that led to the ultimate tragedy could not have been halted. If Emilia had come to her final realization earlier, could the tragedy have been stopped? Possibly, but it is impossible to know for sure. Even though it occurred, Emilia did, however, in the final moments of her life, speak with purpose and honesty. Her courage to stand up for her beliefs represents one of the most important themes in Othello and has made a truly lasting impact. Works Cited â€Å"From Domestic Goddesses to Suffragists: The Story of Women Told on Bookbindings, 1820-1920.† Publishers’ Bindings Online. U of Alabama, n.d. Web. 2 Nov. 2010. . Gandhi, Mohandas K. â€Å"Woman’s Status and Role in Society.† Mahatma Gandhi. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Nov. 2010. .

Environmental Safety Essay

What would happen if businesses ignored social responsibility? what would happen if environmental safety was not considered? The world would be full of toxic elements and wastes. Businesses have to ensure social responsibility as part of the society. Social responsibility is the involvement of a business in social matters to ensure product safety, good services,employees good health and the general societal development. As Lance says, â€Å"Businesses have an obligation to the community† (Besser, 2002. 13). This, a business should do alongside the real aims a business was set up for. They are therefore said to be interdependent with the society. For a business to accomplish social responsibility, a social issue has to be identified, analyzed then implemented thus responding to the development of the society (Besser, 2002). IDENTIFICATION: There are so many social issues a business has to deal with, for example employee issues just to ensure employee’s good health and good working conditions,legal issues that demand for operation according to the rule of law, economic issues that requires production of quality and safe goods and services, and the ethical issues that considers ethical matters in a society (Hughes and Kapoor. 9th edition). The main issue in this discussion is environmental safety. This is classified as a legal issue but can as well be an ethical issue since the society is not asleep (Hughes and Kapoor. 9th edition). Harming the community is not acceptable and a business would never have success with that. The society will rebel, and who would deal with such a business anyway? Do you think a society would need goods and services from a business that does not put into consideration there health and wellbeing? Environmental pollution has always been a barrier to good business and customer relationship if in any case a business does not handle that carefully. For a business to ensure success among other managerial duties, it has to implement programs to deal with the social issue and ensure safety by preventing and reducing pollution. This kind of pollution can be through many ways from a business. When it is an industry, there could be air pollution due to the toxic gases produced during production processes. There could also be air pollution due to radioactive materials within the company. Environmental safety mostly deals with businesses that produce toxic materials and waste to the environment. Waste products therefore also pose a big threat to pollution if not disposed appropriately. The other is water pollution due to toxic waste dumped to water sources (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008) . ANALYSIS: A business has always to consider it’s managerial integrity, the ethical values, the philosophy of operation as well as commitment to organizational competence when dealing with a social issue (Besser, 2002). Analysis is a tough area for the business plus considering how it will implement it. But there is a governmental organization, with the control systems that help the businesses meet the requirements for social responsibility. For the environmental issue,the U. S Environmental Protection Agency offers guidelines and compliance programmes to various pollution prevention methods (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008). Therefore a business has just to analyze the sources of pollution within it and what likely can cause pollution and look for control methods from the Environmental Protection Agency. There are various ways pollution can occur, through water, air, air and radiation, and wastes (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008 ). The business should look for the guidelines, requirements, and any methodologies for every source of pollution from the business. IMPLEMENTATION: Good management is required for the success of a business. Just as stated before, one of the managerial duties is dealing with social responsibility. A business has to draw out a plan in order to implement this. Programs with the steps for implementation are different and are used on preference. Just like the advocates of the social responsiveness program prefer their program due to certain beneficial factors to them (Besser, 2002). A business therefore has to select that program which it prefers based on it’s own reasons of benefits. One of the steps to implementation is the three concentric circles of the CED. This includes the inner circle, that deals with the economic responsibility ensuring quality and safe products and the provision of jobs and services. The intermediate circle which ensures the business policies and practices are consistent to the societal values. The last circle which calls for the business to work towards community development. A second program with steps that could be used is the social involvement program. This program does not believe in social responsibility as the advocates refused the name of social responsibility before. They prefer social responsiveness and therefore has activities that deal with the consequences due to the business’s activities in the process of accomplishing their mission of economic function to the society. This therefore ensures product quality and safety, reduced and prevented pollution of the environment thereby meeting social requirements. A third program is the Carrol’s category of social responsibility. Carrol’s program is based on the views that the society expects more than economic duties by the businesses. The steps are in order of importance, with economic responsibility being the first, followed by the legal issues then ethical and lastly discretionary responsibilities that demands for social improvements. The ethical issue requires a business to conduct it’s activities in an ethical manner. Legal needs production following the rules of law (Besser, 2002). For a business to ensure environmental safety, it can choose from either of the programs. Being that the national safety standards for the environment are already set by the Environmental Protection agency by the United States government. Implementation then is done. Social responsibility, has to be part of the business. Good relationship between society and business leads to more sales therefore more profit and the big blessing is success! References Besser T. , 2002. The conscience of Capitalism-Business social Responsibility to communities. Greenwood publishing group. IOWA U. S Environmental Protection. Compliance and Enforcements retrieved from http://www. epa. gov/compliance/business/? cm_sp=ExternalLink-_-Federal-_-EPA

One-Party State: Texas vs. Oklahoma Essay

Texas: For over a 100 years Texas was a one-party state of Democrats (Munisteri). Republicans did not have a chance until Abraham Lincoln who was against slavery and defended the Union during the Civil War. During this time before Republicans took over Texas was free-willed and won majority of seats in the race and had all seats in Legislature. One of the best ways to describe this era was best stated by Author Steven, â€Å"developed a free spirit, a pride in self-reliance and a work ethic that is still unmatched today â€Å"Early Texans lived, loved and died entirely by their own efforts without relying on government to fulfill their needs. Just like modern Texans, early settlers believed in families, churches and neighbors, not in bureaucracy† (Munisteri). Oklahoma: Just like the Texans, Oklahoma was always a one-party state of Democrats. It was secured in the Democratic Party and Republican did not have a chance. Even in 1964 Republicans won their first election, the Demo crats still held 81% of seats (Gaddie). In the 1990’s Republican took over and still run the show. Which party dominated Texas politics (for most of Texas’s history after the 1876 Constitution), and what are the historical origins behind this dominance? Texas: Democrats dominated Texas politics from 1863 to 1980. Still Democrats remained powerful, they gradually drowned. The Cause of this power was Texas did not vote in 1864 and 1868 due to the Civil War and Reconstruction and from 1902 through 1965, Texas had basically stopped most blacks and many Latinos and poor whites through the poll tax and white primaries by not allowing them to register to vote. Oklahoma: Oklahoma was dominated by Democrats almost their entire existence. From 1907 up until the 1990’s the Democratic Party ran Oklahoma as a state. The reason for this is stated in the article written by Gaddie, â€Å"For decades the bedrock of Democratic Party strength has been the southeastern part of the state, â€Å"Little Dixie.† This region imported not just people, but also local culture, place names, architecture, and political tradition directly from a variety of southern states, especially Mississippi† (Gaddie). In addition the most prominent people to support the Democrat Part come from Little Dixie as well. What were some of the ramifications of one-party  rule? After researching and reading articles on Texas and Oklahoma one-party states, I came to the conclusion that the consequences would be harsh, or were harsh. It would make these states communist. Meaning government control all even the way citizens live and operate. They became robotic. What caused the rise of a two-party system in Texas? The division of ideas led to the creation of the two-party system. The main issue between the two parties was how they believed the Constitution should be read and interpreted. When George Washington was president he assigned to people to his cabinet. Hamilton and Jefferson both which seen differences in the constitution. One believe that so of the constitution was good the other believe that some of it was inappropriate. This cause a rift and a split into a two-party system (AP U.S. History Notes). Why do some people (including your professor) believe that Texas is once again a one-party state? Texas: For many and many that sit down and speak on Texas and its politics see that Republicans run everything to see how everything that the President promotes they reject and are successful. The cost of living, the assistance giving to the needy diminishing and the way the rich and wealthy are catered to make me and others feel t is a one-sided situation and bring us to Texas being a one-pa rty state. Texas and Oklahoma both have 2% Democrats and 98% Republicans, it is very plain to see that both are a one-party state (538 Politics). Cite: Aboukhadijeh, Feross. â€Å"Development of the Two-party System – AP U.S. History Topic Outlines – Study Notes.† Development of the Two-party System – AP U.S. History Topic Outlines – Study Notes. StudyNotes.org. Study Notes, Inc., 17 Nov. 2012. Web. 3 Oct. 2014. . Gaddie, Ronald. â€Å"DEMOCRATIC PARTY.† DEMOCRATIC PARTY. Oklahoma Historical Society. Web. 3 Oct. 2014. . Munisteri, Steve. â€Å"Overview and History – Republican Party of Texas.† Republican Party of Texas RSS. Web. 3 Oct. 2014. . Silver, Nate. â€Å"FiveThirtyEight Senate Forecast: GOP Is Slight Favorite in Race for Senate Control.† FiveThirtyEight. 23 Mar. 2014. Web. 3 Oct. 2014. .

Bmw Marketing Mix

History: The origins of BMW trace back to 1913 when Karl Friedrich Rapp, who was a  Bavarian(well-known engineer in a German aircraft company in Munich. The company specialized in airplane engines. But it was a  problematic area. He had a  financial difficulties and decided to form new company owners Franz-Jozef Popp and financier Camillo Castiglioni and relaunched Motoren Werke and because Rapp was Bavarian there was a  new name Bayerische Flugzeug-Werke (BFW) was formed after a  short time the name was changed to BMW and from the beginnig they started to produce airplane engines.At the beginning of the 20? s BMW slapped their logo, which is unchanged until today. After the 2. world war the treaty of versailles prohibited BMW to switch to manufacturing air brakes for railway cars. After this treaty company started to focus on developing motorcycles engines. Ower a  2 years they built 2 motorcycle models(Victoria, Flink) and after this they built their first BMW factory. Two-wheeled vehicles quickly turned into four-wheeled ones in 1928. With their motorcycles they made world records, because they were the fast motorcycles.In 1932 they launch new car model 3/20 PS. As time passed by, BMW got bigger and bigger and, shortly before the Wold War II outbreak, took over some more factories in the vicinity of Berlin. Due to BMW's versatility and need for mechanized faming implements and spare parts, the first BMW bicycle was born. They started to export their motorcycles to new york in 2 decades. The last one at the beginning of the 40? s. The 1955 Isetta, powered by a 12/13 hp motorcycle engine, becomes a favorite among customers.Over 160,000 units are sold, transforming the Isetta into a symbol of the post-war decade. They had a  lot of technological improvements on their cars. With the help of Herbert Quandt, BMW, still a share-owned company, is brought one step closer to independence. The 60's brought a multitude of achievements with the 1500 and 160 0 series, as well as a range of new sedans, the 2500, 2800, American Bavaria and the 2. 5 CS and 2800 CS coupe models. Production lines that would become worldwide pieces of success soon came out, such as the 6 and 7 series and the recently reconstructed BMW M1 model.By the end of the 70's, BMW had dug deep into other car-improvement related fields as well, and electronics proved to be the perfect ground for growing BMW's next generation of computerized car devices. Economic fuel research then became top priority. Research started to be heavily reinforced and reached new uncharted areas through the employment of over 6,000 people. Once the Z1 one came along, the profits kept pile-up trend. Caring for the customer and staying ahead of competition was proof enough that BMW had turned into a true, mature brand. Business development:BMW has various sources for research and product development: A well known BMW location is the Engineering Center (FIZ) in Munich. This institution was laun ched in 1987, implementing the idea of co-location. Co-location stands for bringing together all people into one site, who are concerned with the product development process, incl. suppliers. Nowadays about 5,000 researchers, engineers and technicians are working at the FIZ. A design studio in California, which provides trendy designs from one of the most creative places of the world. A project team in Japan, which serves as an antenna into Japanese technical developments.BMW-Technik GmbH, which was launched in 1985 and is responsible for idea generation off-site, equipped with own design facilities, acoustic wind tunnel and various other facilities for noise reduction. This company employs about 100 people. Company mission and business focus: Reading the BMW Group mission statement, it's easy to understand why the BMW Group is clearly associated with premium products, premium prices, and premium experiences. The BMW mission statement is†¦ The BMW Group is the world's leading p rovider of premium products and premium services for individual mobility. Beyond that, each brand of vehicle under the BMW Group umbrella has its own distinct brand identy†¦ BMW Brand – â€Å"The BMW brand stands for one thing: sheer driving pleasure. Sporting and dynamic performance combined with superb design and exclusive quality. † MINI Brand – â€Å"The MINI brand wins hearts and turns heads. MINI is refreshingly different: extroverted, spontaneous and in every respect something out of the ordinary. † â€Å"For over 100 years, motor cars of the Rolls-Royce brand have stood for truly outstanding engineering, quality and reliability.The BMW Group is the world's leading provider of premium products and premium services for individual mobility. † Focus: he concept of premium will be increasingly defined through sustainability in the future. BMW, like no other brand, will still stand for vitality and driving pleasure in the future. But it will also represent efficiency and environmental friendliness. .. We have introduced our fuel-saving technology, Efficient Dynamics, as a standard feature in all series. It uses start-stop technology, brake-force energy recovery and other methods to drastically reduce fuel consumption, while at the same providing more power.We call this â€Å"Sheer Driving Pleasure 2. 0. MARKETS OF BMW The main markets for BMW automobiles have been in Europe, the USA, Japan and the Pacific region, with the markets of Germany and the US accounting for almost half the total car sales. Important markets have also been the fast-growing UK, and the Italian, French and Japanese markets. Sales in the USA market have been particularly successful, as they grew by over 8 per cent on the previous year to 277,000, becoming the biggest market for the group and overtaking the Lexus brand for the first time.At the end of 2003, the outlook for 2004 by group management and industry observers was upbeat. This view was s upported by the successful launch of the new 5-series, the consolidation in Europe and Asia of the BMW Z4, the introduction of the BMW X3. The new BMW 1 Series and the BMW 6 Series cabriolet were launched early in 2004. By far the most successful models were the MINI, the 3-series and the 5-series, but the other models were also in significant demand. In the Chinese markets there was growing demand for the higher end models of the range, specifically for 7-series and 5-seriesTarget customers: Upper middle class — professional employees at the upper part of corporate ladder such as financial analysts Product policy: Assortment: cars: BMW 1 series (3, 5 door, coupe, convertible), BMW 3 series (sedan, coupe, convertible, touring, compact) BMW 5 series (sedan, touring) BMW (coupe, grand coupe, convertible) BMW 7 series (sedan) BMW X1-X6, BMW Z4 roaster, BMW M series( 3,5,6) also MINI :MINI is one of the most entertaining cars on the road, with dynamic performance and handling and an unmistakable appearance that makes it instantly recognisable.It is currently available in a range of models including: MINI Hatch (MINI One, MINI Cooper, MINI Cooper D, MINI Cooper S), MINI John Cooper Works, MINI Convertible (MINI One Convertible, MINI Cooper Convertible, MINI Cooper S Convertible) and MINI Clubman (MINI Cooper D Clubman, MINI Cooper Clubman, MINI Cooper S Clubman). MINI is produced in England and is now sold in over 70 countries worldwide. The Rolls–Royce Motor Cars :Rolls-Royce launched the Drophead Coupe in 2007 which has a V / 12 / 48 engine, reaches a top speed of 149 mph and does 0-100km/h in 5. 9 seconds. The Rolls-Royce Phantom features a 6. 5 litre light alloy V12 engine that provides 460PS (453bhp) of power. Rolls–Royce also launched the Centenary Experimental 100 EX and the limited edition Centenary Phantom in 2004. Summer 2008 saw the production of the new Phantom Coupe, the most driver-orientated model in the Phantom line. Motorcycles : SPORT, TOUR, ROASTER,ENDURO,URBAN MOBILITY SPORT: S1000 RR, K  1300S TOUR: F800GT, R 1200RT, K  1600GT, K  1600GTL, ROASTER: F800R, R1200R ENDURO: G 650 GS, S  650 GS sertao, F 800 GS, R 1200 GS, R 1200GS adventure URBAN MOBILITY: C 600 sport, C 650 GT Scooters: BMW C 600 Sport BMW C 650 GTBMW C EVOLUTION e-Scooter Acessories: DVD systems, radios, car care, lights, navigations,air condition†¦ Clothes Quality: in 2008 BMW received a score of 3 out of a possible 5 points in the averaged category of Overall Quality( like ford, kia, nissan) Logo: The BMW logo consists of a thick black ring encircled by a silver lining. The letters ‘BMW’ are inscribed in a non-serif font in the top half of the black ring. The gap within the ring is divided into four equal alternative blue and white quarters. The BMW logo, commonly known as â€Å"roundel†, was created and registered in 1917.The created logo design is remarkably simple and projects an identity that is sma rt, clear, sporty and image-conscious. It is one of the most distinctive logo designs in the world, speaking highly of a brand-led company. The 1929 Dixi was the first vehicle to carry the famous BMW logo. The BMW logo has been altered very rarely and minutely and has maintained its original look throughout the company's history. Here are some of the logos that have been used since 1917. People think that the BMW logo is based on a rotating airscrew. The origin of this interpretation is the cover of a BMW aircraft magazine.This picture (shown below) was taken in 1929, years after the logo first came into existence. BMW chose the Bavarian national colours as a  symbol Innovations: BMW Innovations With a constantly updated menu of inspired new technologies and products, BMW is leading the charge in automotive evolution. We engineer our renowned vehicle lineup to be the most advanced in the world. And we continuously push the limits of efficiency and performance. We do this because o ur goal is not to be ahead of the curve; we are determined to be ahead of everything else on the road. Connected Drive:BMW is focused on connecting you, the driver, in meaningful ways to your vehicle, and to your world at large. Intelligent innovations provide you with unprecedented mobility, so you enjoy the best possible combination of safety, comfort, entertainment, and – above all – driving pleasure. Head-Up Display: BMW's full-colour Head-Up Display projects critical driving information, such as speed, directions, and alerts, directly in your field of vision, so distraction is minimized. This virtual image appears approximately two metres ahead of you, at the end of the hood, seamlessly integrating into whatever scenario your find yourself in.Your eyes and attention stay focused on the road, where they rightfully belong. BMW Apps: Introducing a new way to stay in touch. With the BMW Apps you can bring Facebook, Twitter, your calendar, or even your favourite web ra dio station into your car on the iDrive screen. Your Control Display can show the latest status updates from your Facebook or Twitter account, as well as upcoming events, while the car's audio system can read them out using the text-to-speech function. Get ready for the next generation of mobile communication and entertainment – with your iPhone and BMW ConnectedDriveBMW Concierge: There's much more than just a welcoming voice on the other end of BMW Concierge. Whether you're looking to book a flight or hotel, find the nearest ATM, or make a reservation at your favourite restaurant, our customer relations agents are always there for you. BMW Concierge is available 24/7 and transfers address data directly to the Navigation System of your BMW. And in case of emergency, BMW Assist is equipped with a host of helpful tools, including Emergency Request, Enhanced Roadside Assistance, Remote Door Unlock, Advanced Automatic Collision Notification, Stolen Vehicle Recovery, and more.Nig ht Vision: Your command of the road doesn't end when the sun sets. BMW Night Vision is our exclusive infrared technology that allows you to see through the dark, up to a class-leading 300 metres ahead. Objects, animals, and pedestrians are instantly distinguished, leading you to safer nighttime driving. Google MyInfo: Use Google Maps to send points-of-interest information directly to your BMW using your e-mail address and BMW Assist account.Find restaurants, friends' homes, or even the location of your next meeting. With Google Maps, you can send any destination to your vehicle from your computer, and then accept the information into the Navigation System once in your car. You can even call your destination using Bluetooth integration by selecting the displayed telephone number. http://www. bmwvictoria. ca/BMW/Innovations/tabid/206/Default. aspx tam videa Services: Financing, insurance,credit cards, leasings, Pricing policy: Price strategy-