Curriculum Unit: Stereotypical Images of African Americans in Televisio

Curriculum Unit: Stereotypical Images of African Americans in Television and Movies * Narrative * Lesson Plan * Lesson Plan * Lesson Plan * Notes * Films * Television Shows * Children’s Reading List * Teachers Bibliography Abstract: This curriculum unit will provide elementary school teachers with a framework to begin to help their students understand and define a stereotype. Recognize common stereotypes and stereotypical themes in film and television and illustrate some damaging effects perpetuating stereotypes through behavior. Finally, how to constructively deal with others stereotyping them. To Guide Entry The practice of racial stereotyping through the use of media has been used throughout contemporary history by various factions in American society to attain various goals. The practice is used most by the dominant culture in this society as a way of suppressing its minority population. The Republican parties use of the Willie Horton image in the 1988 Presidential campaign, is a small example of how majority groups have used racial stereotyping in the media as a justifiable means to an end. The book Unthinking Eurocentrism by Stam and Shohat supports this notion when they write â€Å"the functionality of stereotyping used in film demonstrates that they (stereotypes) are not an error in perception but rather a form of social control intended as Alice Walker calls â€Å"prisons of image.†(1) The modern usage of the word stereotype was first introduced in 1922 by American journalist Walter Lippman in his book Public Opinion. The major thesis of this book is that in a modern democracy political leaders and ordinary citizens are required to make decisions about a variety of complicated matters that they do not understand. â€Å"People believe that their conceptions of German soldiers, Belgian priests, or American Klu Klux Klansman for example are accurate representations of the real members of those classes . . . the conception in most cases is actually a stereotype acquired by the individual from some other source other than his direct experience.†(2) Historically the â€Å"other source† people developed racial stereotypes were from literature and then radio. In 1933 Sterling Brown the great black poet and critic, divided the full range of black characters in American literature into seven categories; the contented slave; the wretched freemen: t... ...A-Team Good Times Little Rascals That’s My Mamma to top Children’s Reading List Bogle, Donald. Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks. New York: Continum, 1989. Braley, Daniel; and Daniel, Katz â€Å"Racial Stereotypes of One Hundred College Students.† Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 1933. to top Teachers Bibliography Bogle, Donald. Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks. New York: Continuum, 1989 This books reveals and gives a historical perspective on the various incarnations of black stereotypes in American cinema. Cripps, Thomas. Black Film as Genre. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1978. This book attempts to explain â€Å"what is a black film† and critiques six examples of the genre. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., â€Å"TV’s Black World Turns—But Stays Unreal†, New York Times (November 12, 1989): 66-67. In this article Dr. Gates reveals how despite the success of television shows such as â€Å"The Cosby Show† stereotyping of blacks on T.V. is still prevalent. Guerrero, Ed. Framing Blackness: The African-American Image in Film. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993. The book chronicles blacks misrepresentation in American films.

Eharmony Case Study Essay

In the new world of making a name for yourself, one of the most important characteristics of human culture has begun to be lost. Love, relationships, marriage, etc. have all begun to be swallowed by the notion that in order to be successful in this world, your full attention, time, and money must be put into your career. Before the 20th century, life was simple and universal. Men â€Å"brought home the bacon† while women stayed at home washing dishes, cleaning the house, raising children, and cooking meals. Most married a stayed married. Divorce was highly frowned upon and therefore never happened. However in the turn of the century, the age of technology and equal rights activists have brought a large change in the way our society is run today. Nearly half of all marriages now end in divorce and very few last more than four years. Not all of this is due to the selfishness and desire to stray from monogamy as most would think. Much of it has to do with the fact that people are so consumed with being all they can be and not putting in the time required to have that special connection with another human. Harmony was created to provide a way for members of society to easily meet potential significant others and â€Å"date† over the internet while not sacrificing time in their workplace. The initial response of the public was wary. People felt embarrassed that they had to use technology to find that special someone rather than go out and do it on their own. However, soon the site began to catch on. eHarmony’s marketing technique focused on finding marriage rather than relationships and advertised other users who had great success with the site. The success stories proved that eHarmony was the top site for finding long-term, committed relationships and marriages. Other sites, such as Match and Yahoo Personal, established themselves as successful dating sites however both lacked the number of successful marriages. To compete with eHarmony, Match introduced Chemistry, which mimicked eHarmony and was focused on producing marriages. Also in response to the growth of eHarmony, Yahoo Personal introduced a Premier option which also was focused on being more personal in the hope to produce more marriages. Now the central problem for eHarmony has begun. eHarmony established itself as the leading matchmaking company but with competitors threatening to take market share, the company needed to find a way to preserve its reputation and remain the top matchmaking website for long term relationships. Industry Environment Beginning with Internal Rivalry, eHarmony faced a lot of competition within the industry. The most notable competition rested in pricing. There were hundreds of dating sites on the web pertaining to many different types of people. Some were broad and inviting for everyone, others specific to only a certain demographic whether it be race, religion, and/or even marital status. Along with these dating sites, were social networking sites but these proved to not generate much competition. Some sites had membership fees while others were free. The free sites were generally not as well run and were not successful in creating long standing relationships. However the fact that they were free forced membership sites such as Match and eHarmony to bring down the price of their subscription fees. With hundreds of matchmaking sites on the web, one would think that it would be an easy industry to enter. However, each year approximately 850 different sites attempted to join the industry and quickly failed or failed to ever gain a profit. eHarmony, Match, and Yahoo Personal had made names for themselves and it was going to be very difficult to gain market share without a lot of capital, advertising, and marketing. Going along with new entrants, there were also very few substitutes in the industry. Harmony established itself as the leading long-term Matchmaker and only Yahoo Personal and Match had the resources to compete. Within eHarmony, supplier power was relatively low. The company grew to only 230 employees and half of which worked in customer service. The studies and surveys done by the company were simple and only involved researching couples. Therefore supplier costs were low and substitutes were readily available. On the flip side, Buyer power became very high for eHarmony. Harmony offered a service to ameliorate dating and have a better chance at finding that â€Å"special someone†. Consumers saw confidence in that by joining eHarmony they would quickly and easily find someone they could marry. Strategy in the Environment eHarmony’s strategy worked out very well for its targeted customers. The matchmaking industry is very difficult to cover because there are so many different cliques within it. How do you create a site that satisfies the wants and needs of every individual looking for love? You can’t. Sexuality, race, religion, personality, monogamy, long term, short term, family, age, and appearance are just a fraction of the characteristics needed to be considered for an online dating site. eHarmony focused its strategy on what it felt would be the largest group of buyers without taking on every single characteristic that would go into a relationship. Heterosexuals looking for a long-term relationship leading to marriage are the buyers eHarmony is looking for. The personality profile and guided communication were the backbone of eHarmony and were relied on most to matching singles together. Harmony felt that these tests and strategy would only apply to this demographic so many applicants to the site were denied for various reasons such as homosexuality, being married, and having more than three divorces. Many felt that eHarmony was discriminating against these certain people however with all the research eHarmony had done, the same amount of research would need to be completed for all other demographics and could potentially harm the idea that eHarmony was a site to find marriage not a site to find an affair. However, new competitors, like Chemistry, used this to their advantage by advertising eHarmony’s rejections and saying that they were 100% accepting. eHarmony had no response to this but instead should continue to defend its position as the leading matchmaking company for long-term relationships. As long as it stays on top, it can retain its customer loyalty and therefore prevent Chemistry from gaining much market share. eHarmony will also likely expand into new countries to drive costumer growth and if it does so quickly it can gain popularity before its competitors who will likely do the same thing.

DNA Definition and Structure

DNA is the acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid, usually 2-deoxy-5-ribonucleic acid. DNA is a molecular code used within cells to form proteins. DNA is considered a genetic blueprint for an organism because every cell in the body that contains DNA has these instructions, which enable the organism to grow, repair itself, and reproduce. DNA Structure A single DNA molecule is shaped as a double helix made up of two strands of nucleotides that are bonded together. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogen base, a sugar (ribose), and a phosphate group. The same 4 nitrogen bases are used as the genetic code for every strand of DNA, no matter which organism it comes from. The bases and their symbols are  adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). The bases on each strand of DNA are complementary to each other. Adenine always binds to thymine; guanine always binds to cytosine. These bases meet each other at the core of the DNA helix. The backbone of each strand is made of the deoxyribose and phosphate group of each nucleotide. The number 5 carbon of the ribose is covalently bonded to the phosphate group of the nucleotide. The phosphate group of one nucleotide binds to the number 3 carbon of the ribose of the next nucleotide. Hydrogen bonds stabilize the helix shape. The order of the nitrogenous bases has meaning, coding for amino acids that are joined together to make proteins. DNA is used as a template to make RNA through a process called transcription. The RNA uses molecular machinery called ribosomes, which use the code to make the amino acids and join them to make polypeptides and proteins. The process of making proteins from the RNA template is called translation. Discovery of DNA The  German biochemist Frederich Miescher first observed DNA in 1869, but he did not understand the function of the molecule. In 1953,  James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin described the structure of DNA and proposed how the molecule could code for heredity. While  Watson, Crick, and Wilkins received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material, Franklins contribution was neglected by the Nobel Prize committee. Importance of Knowing the Genetic Code In the modern era, its possible to sequence the entire genetic code for an organism. One consequence is that differences in DNA between healthy and sick individuals can help identify a genetic basis for some diseases. Genetic testing can help identify whether a person is at risk for these diseases, while gene therapy can correct certain problems in the genetic code. Comparing the genetic code of different species helps us understand the role of genes and allows us to trace the evolution and relationships between species

Nomenclature for Covalent or Molecular Compounds

Molecular compounds or covalent compounds are those in which the elements share electrons via covalent bonds. The only type of molecular compound a chemistry student is expected to be able to name is a binary covalent compound. This is a covalent compound made up of only two different elements. Identifying Molecular Compounds Molecular compounds contain two or more nonmetals (not the ammonium ion). Usually, you can recognize a molecular compound because the first element in the compound name is a nonmetal. Some molecular compounds contain hydrogen, however, if you see a compound which starts with H, you can assume it is an acid and not a molecular compound. Compounds consisting only of carbon with hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons have their own special nomenclature, so they are treated differently from other molecular compounds. Writing Formulas for Covalent Compounds Certain rules apply to the way names of covalent compounds are written: The more electropositive element (further left on the periodic table) is listed before the more electronegative element (further right on the periodic table).The second element is given an -ide ending.Prefixes are used to denote how many atoms of each element are present in the compound. Prefixes and Molecular Compound Names Nonmetals may combine in a variety of ratios, so it is important that the name of a molecular compound indicates how many atoms of each type of element are present in the compound. This is accomplished using prefixes. If there is only one atom of the first element, no prefix is used. It is customary to prefix the name of one atom of the second element with mono-. For example, CO is named carbon monoxide rather than carbon oxide. Examples of Covalent Compound Names SO2 - sulfur dioxideSF6 - sulfur hexafluorideCCl4 - carbon tetrachlorideNI3 - nitrogen triiodide Writing the Formula From the Name You can write the formula for a covalent compound from its name by writing the symbols for the first and second elements and translating the prefixes into subscripts. For example, xenon hexafluoride would be written XF6. It is common for students to  have trouble writing formulae from compounds names as  ionic compounds and  covalent compounds are often confused. You arent balancing charges of covalent compounds; if the compound does not contain a metal, dont try to balance this! Molecular Compound Prefixes Number Prefix 1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta- 6 hexa- 7 hepta- 8 octa- 9 nona- 10 deca-

Atomic Bomb Dbq - 949 Words

APUSH DBQ As World War II was coming to an end during 1945, the creation of one of the most destructive weapons known to humanity occurred within the United States. This weapon, known as â€Å"the atomic bomb,† was used on the two Japanese cities: Hiroshima and Nagasaki, resulting in a death toll unprecedented by any military weapon used before and an immediate, unconditional surrender. Some historians believe President Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb in order to intimidate the Soviet Union whereas others believe it was a strictly military measure designed to force Japan’s unconditional surrender. In the Report of a Scientific Panel of nuclear physicists, some scientific colleagues believed the atomic bomb was a â€Å"purely technical†¦show more content†¦(Doc C). Next, Winston Churchill’s recollection of the Potsdam Conference also emphasized the need to end the war before Soviet intervention. It seemed to be a mutual agreement between the U.S. and Britain that the two powers should not need the Red Army to end the war with Japan (Doc E). Finally, nuclear physicist Leo Szilard’s recollection of a 1945 meeting between James Byrnes and a group of concerned atomic scientists supports the idea that America dropped the atomic bomb to intimidate the U.S.S.R. The scientists were very concerned about the rapid spreading of Russian influence in Europe, which probably contributed to the U.S. policy of containment. Due to this fear, James Byrnes and the atomic scientists believed that demonstrating the bomb would make the Soviet Union more manageable in Europe. One can also argue that this approach can be related the John Foster Dulles theory of massive retaliation, which is the belief that the threat of â€Å"massive of retaliation† with nuclear weapons would stop Soviet aggression. Therefore, one can argue that the dropping of the atomic bomb was a diplomatic measure calculated to intimidate the Soviet Union and on e can argue that this idea was backed by the theories of containment and massive retaliation. Essentially, the theory behind the dropping atomic bomb on Hiroshima was dichotomous; some argue that it was to induce prompt and unconditional surrender by Japan, while others argue that it was to threaten the Soviet Union.Show MoreRelatedAtomic Bomb Justified? Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesWas the Atomic Bombing Justified? The Atomic Bomb made a very serious statement at a time when the world was in disarray (â€Å"Manhattan†). World War II was one of the most destructive times in history causing over 50 million deaths and leaving behind mental and physical casualties of war. (â€Å"World War II†) It started in September, 1939 when Germany invaded Poland and continued on a destructive path through Europe. Britain and France declared war on Germany. Two years prior in 1937, the Sino JapaneseRead MoreApush Dbqs Essay2248 Words   |  9 Pages2011 DBQ: (Form A) 1. Analyze the international and domestic challenges the United States faced between 1968 and 1974, and evaluate how President Richard Nixon’s administration responded to them. (Form B) 1. Explain the ways that participation in political campaigns and elections in the United States changed between 1815 and 1840, and analyze forces and events that led to these changes. 2010 DBQ: (Form A) 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the politicalRead MoreThe Cold War On The United States Domestic Policy1940 Words   |  8 Pagespossibly knew and could. Later, through science, we have learned that many of their tactics when it came to protecting themselves would not even have worked.The United States spend a lot of extra money during this time period to keep up with the war. (DBQ questions) During the Cold War, America as a whole was terrified of the idea of communists. Everybody had a perception of a communist, and knew that they did not like them. The American Government took many measures to protect the United States fromRead MoreEssay on Tension and Suspicion Between U.S. and Russia1310 Words   |  6 PagesName Teacher AP U.S. History October 8, 2012 DBQ From the years of 1941 to 1949, there was an increase in suspicion and tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was a Communist country ruled by a dictator while America was a capitalist democracy that valued freedom. Their completely different beliefs and aims caused friction to form between them, which contributed to the creation of the Cold War. At the start of the first world war, Germany and the Soviet Union

â€ÅGender Issues is interdisci... free essay sample

Gender Issues is interdisciplinary and cross-national in scope, focusing on gender and gender equity. The gender issue is something that has been around forever. Men and women have never been equal and are never going to be equal. Society looks at men to be considered superior to women. Society suggested men are above women. The gender issue is something that nobody has control over. As women there so much, you not supposed to do because of gender roles. In this essay, the main topic of it is gender issues. In The yellow wallpaper novel, written by Charlotte Gilman, while she is battling Postpartum. Postpartum is a type of depression that may occur after giving birth. according to Elizabeths article, she stated, The Yellow Wallpaper, a tale of one womans descent into madness, is Charlotte Perkins Gilmans response to the male-run medical establishment and the patriarchal structure of the nineteenth-century household. This quote is used for the article because it is an overview of the whole theme of the story, it gives more information about gender roles in the story. During that time the story was composed women are expected to stay home, cook, and take care of the children. men were expected to provide for the family. the yellow wallpaper defines gender issues in so many ways. controlling, dependence and womens role in marriage were the main gender issues in the story. The yellow wallpaper is a short autobiographical story that is written by a feminist Charlotte Gilman in the late 1800s. The narrator suffered from postpartum depression after she gave birth to her child. The narrator is married to John, a physician. Her husband is a successful doctor, on the other hand, she is not able to satisfy her obligations as a woman. The husband rented a house for the narrator, away from everybody he demanded her to rest and not do anything. When they arrived at the place the narrator was tried telling her husband she does not feel comfortable being there, something is strange about the place and the vibe is off. Of course, the husband brushes her off, dont take her serious like always. In the story, Charlotte states John does not know how much I really suffer. He knows there is no reason to suffer, and that satisfies him this quote is important because it demonstrates how the narrator is feeling. Throughout the story, John tells the narrator, her depression is not serious she just need to rest. In the story her husband John is very controlling over her, she is not allowed to do many things because John does not approve. The narrator has no choice but to listen to her husband, not only he is her partner he also her doctor. Charlotte defined gender issues very well in this essay all throughout the essay her husband controlled everything that is going on. What her husband was doing is completely normal at the time the story composed, it is ok for women to let their husbands control their lives. The women do not really have a say when it comes to certain things. Even to this day, people get intimidated when they see a woman have it all, do not need a man to provide for them. Society expected women to live in their expectations, women are supposed to let a man take care of them, sit around the house just clean, cook etc. The narrator was not even allowed to do any of those things, all her husband wants from her is to sleep all day. The narrator is a writer, her husband finds out she been writing, he told her she needed to stop writing because it was not a good idea for her to be writing, once again controlling her life.Furthermore, dependences play a major role in the essay. The narrator is depending on her husband for everything. John is a doctor, he is the provider for the family. She is not allowed to leave the house at any cause. Jane, the narrator is stuck inside of a room with yellow wallpaper where she just stares at the wall all day. Charlotte mentions in the story he takes all care from me, and so I feel basely ungrateful not to value it more. She feels like just because he takes her of her, she needs to be grateful. The pressure society put on women to let their men take care of them. This quote is important because it shows how the narrator is thinking and how she feels about the situation. The narrator feels like she is useless, feeling like she is in prison. Her husband wants her to feel like she needs him, he takes all responsibilities from her. Jane asks her husband to fix the wallpaper, but he refuses to do it.The author also defines Womens role in marriage in the story. According to society womens role in a marriage are taken care of the house. In the story, the narrator feels like as a wife she really did not have a role in her marriage. Everything was run by her husband, she does not have a say when it comes to anything in her household. Her husband runs her life, her husband treats her like she is a kid. Men sometimes use womens emotions of guilt them being submissive to them in their marriage. During that time women do not hold the same power as men. Women are supposed to be weak and inferior to men. In the story, the narrator is not fully respected her husband. The narrator felt like she was a prisoner in her own marriage, she could not do anything at all. Her husband shoot down every idea she had. Her husband did not even know she had postpartum.In conclusion the yellow wallpaper defined gender issues in many ways, the story started with the narrator wanting to be freed from her husband and her depression. At the end of the story the narrator tore down the yellow wallpaper symbolism the freedom she has now from everything. Her husband walked in the room, fainted when he saw his wife took down the yellow wallpaper. The narrator got tired of feeling imprisonment. As women it is harder to accomplished something because of what society expected. The author defined gender issues very nice in this day. She shows the truth reality of what gender issues were back in the days, and the struggled women faced during that time.

Lee Kuan Yew free essay sample

First of all , although Lee had high popularity before the election and won the election, he also did some actions after the election. He ordered the ministers to take a series of well-publicised campaigns to clean the streets of the city and clear the beaches of debris. Why? It was because he wanted to keep the high popularity of the party for the long-run of government. It indicates that one time of success may not give the second time. In our academic work, if we get a good result in the exam, we shouldn’t be lazy after the exam.We should also study harder after the exam in order to maintain or get a better result, just like the experience of Lee. Moreover, for the government minister organized drives to induce the people and involved them in setting higher standards in civic consciousness, general cleanliness and preservation of public property. We will write a custom essay sample on Lee Kuan Yew or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Through the minister’s cleaning in the street was the short-term action, it raised the awareness of civic participation in long term. It contributed to build up a modern society.As a leader, problems should not be solved in short term only, our goals and ideas should mainly be focused on foreseeable long term. Solving the problems in short term would be short-sighted while the implementation of goals and ideas would contribute to success in long-run. Someone in western says that leader should not focus next election only, leader should focus next generation. For example, when we run the club, we should not focus on holding next activity only, we should focus on the goals of whole year and also how the club could be run next year.Our sight should not be short-sighted, it should be long-sighted. In addition, after the election, Lee warned his ministers and parliamentary secretaries who were assigned to help ministers dealing with public complaints not to get drunk on power and not to abuse it. He hoped that the government officer could serve the public sincerely and without any personal interest in order to serve the public selflessly. When we become the senior students, we become the leaders in school or the pillars of society in the future.As the leader in school, such as the chairperson in society, we should spare no pains to serve our students since with great power comes great responsibility. It is the duty to serve others, not to fill up our own interest. Besides, we should listen to the complaints humbly. When we read the history of world, we usually read that many leaders are arrogant and don’t listen to others. Thus, it brings failure with them.As a result, we should listen to the teammates and others since they are the mirrors of us. It contributes us to improve and serve others in betterments. Just like Lee values the complaints from the public since complaints helps the government to improve. To sum up, I would say that Lee Kuan Yew is the accountable leader who spares no pains in leading the country. His thought and experience could teach us how we become the leader. This is the end of my presentation. Thank you.